预防医学考试必背.doc

PART 1 Health Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Environment ~ addresses all the physical, chemical, biological and social factors external to a person, which may interact directly or indirectly with organisms. Preventive medicine ~ is a study of medicine which aims at population, and studying the disease distribution, influence factors by applying biomedical, environmental medicine and social medicine, making up the preventive measures for population health. Environmental medicine: a multidisciplinary field involving medicine, environmental science, chemistry and others. It involves the study of interactions between environment and human health Public health ~ is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts. ~ is what we , as a society, do collectively to assure the conditions for people to be healthy. Public health service Core of public health (functions) Assessment: ~ means the assessment and monitoring of the health of communities and populations at risk to identify health problems and priorities. Policy development ~ means the formulation of public policies designed to solve identified local and national health problems and priorities. Assurance ~ means to assure that all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective care, which includes health promotion and disease prevention services, and evaluation of the effectiveness of the care. Compare public health and medical care Science of public health concerns six areas: Epidemiology Statistics Biomedical sciences Environmental science Social and behavior science Health policy and management or health administration Prevention on three levels: Primary prevention: Avoid occurrence of an illness and injury by preventing exposure to risk factors Secondary prevention: Minimize the severity of illness or damage Tertiary prevention: