1.中西文化比较.ppt

实验目的 1. 宏观地了解中西方文化差异。 2. 借鉴西方文化中的有利因素，更好地发展完善自我。 3. 培养学生了解西方文化的兴趣，提高学习的积极性。 Lines and Circles:A Contrastive Study of Western and Chinese Cultures环性与线性 —— 中西文化比较 Zuo Biao What is culture? Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. — Edward Tylor (1871) (a British anthropologist) 文化的定义 文化是一个错综复杂的整体，它包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、道德、习俗以及作为社会成员的人所获得的其他一切能力和习惯。 — 爱德华?泰勒 (1871) 英国人类学家 What is culture? Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values. Culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, on the other hand, as conditioning elements of future action. — Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn (two American anthropologists, 1961） 文化是由通过符号所获得并传播的显性及隐性行为模式所构成，这种行为模式形成人类群体的特征，包括它们在人工制品中的体现；文化的核心部分是传统的（源于历史并经历史选择的）观念，尤其是价值观。文化系统，一方面可被视为人们行为的产品，另一方面又可被看作是规约未来行为的条件。 —克洛依伯、克勒克荷恩 美国人类学家 What is culture? Culture is the total range of activities and ideas of a group of people with shared traditions which are transmitted and reinforced by members of the group. — CED 文化是具有共同传统的群体的活动和观念的总和，这些传统为这一群体的成员加以传播并加强。 — 剑桥英语词典 What is Culture? Culture is the total pattern of human behavior and its products embodied in thought, speech, action and artifacts. Culture is a complex of typical behavior or standardized social characteristics peculiar to a specific group. — WNID 文化是人类行为及其产品的总和，表现为思想、言论、行动及制成物品。 文化是某一群体所特有的典型行为或规范化的社会特征的综合。 —《韦氏新国际词典》 Essentials of Culture External （外在文化 / 有形文化）