人教版必修五第三单元语法与作文.pptxVIP

过去分词作状语（adverbial modifier）;Grammar:过去分词 ——过去分词作状语和定语的基本用法 考点一 过去分词作状语概述 过去分词作状语，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况。其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且与主语之间构成逻辑上的“动宾关系”，即“被动关系”。过去分词短语作条件、原因以及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。;过去分词作状语的注意点 1)过去分词作状语时,前面往往可有when,if,while,though,even if等连词,这样就能使过去分词所表示的意义更加明确。这种带有连词的过去分词结构通常可看作是一种省略句,句中省略的部分是“主语+be动词的相应变化形式”,省略的主语通常与主句的主语相同。 Though defeated for a second time,he still didn’t give in.(=Though he was defeated for a second time,he still didn’t give in.) 他虽然又一次被击败,但仍不屈服。 Even if invited,I won’t go.(=Even if I am invited,I won’t go.) 即使被邀请,我也不去。;2)过去分词作状语时,有时它的逻辑主语不是主句的主语,而是不同于主句主语的名词,构成“过去分词独立结构”。过去分词独立结构可在句中作状语,表示时间、条件、伴随状况等。 The house painted white,we liked it better. 房子漆成白色后,我们更加喜欢它了。 His work finished,he left the office. 完成工作,他离开了办公室。;过去分词作定语概述 一般来说,过去分词作定语时含有“完成”和“被动”的双重意义。但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作,而不表示“被动”意义。如:boiled water(开水);fallen leaves(落叶);risen sun(升起的太阳)等。 The tall man is a returned student. 高个子的那个男人是个回国留学生。 My parents are both retired teachers. 我的父母都是退休教师。 考点四 过去分词作定语的注意点;Ⅱ.与状语从句的转换 1)过去分词短语作时间状语，可转换为when, while或after等引导的状语从句。 Seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. →When it is seen from the top of the hill, the park looks more beautiful. 从山上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。 2)作条件状语，可转换为if, once或unless等引导的状语从句。 Given more time, she would certainly have done much better. →If she had been given more time, she would certainly have done much better. 如果有更多时间的话，她一定会干得更好些。 ;3)作原因状语，可转换为as, since或because等引导的状语从句。 The children, exhausted, fell asleep at once. →As the children were exhausted they fell asleep at once. 由于劳累，孩子们很快就睡着了。 4)作让步状语，可转换为although, though或even if等引导的状语从句。 Although exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. →Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. 我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。;5)作方式状语，如有连词as if，就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则转换为并列结构。 He began to cry as if bitten by a snake. →He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake. 他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。 6)作伴随状语，一般转换为并列结构。 Au