北宋末年朋党政治下的谄谀文学中国古代文学专业论文.docxVIP

AbstractSince Abstract Since the Qingli Debate，factionalism was becoming the main political theme in North Song Dynasty．With the intensification of argument，some change took place in the property of factionalism Especially，after Emperor Huizong was enthroned and Caijin became the prime minister,the severe“Congning Ban of factionalism”took place with the aim to strike their dissenters．Simultaneously,some bans of words and cultures were also set out，which changed the political fate and creative mentality of scholar-bureaucrats．For keeping their political positions，they began to sing the high praises of political government and to cater for the appetite of dominators，which became the main tendency in the literature of that time．Such works were created with a great quantity and become the first flattering campaign in the China literature history．From some point of view,such flattering article style was the certain ramification of the arbitrary government and absolute centralization．However,this article style hadn’t any value in social function and literature，and it obstacle the development of the temporal literature severely． Keywords：Congning Ban of factionalism；coercion；Sing the praise of Government；literature value 2 浙江大学硕士学位论文第一章北宋末年的高压政治 浙江大学硕士学位论文 第一章北宋末年的高压政治 本文所指的“北宋末年”是指徽宗登台、蔡京执政后的北宋最后二十几年， 这二十几年也是自北宋建国以来高压政治最为严酷的时期。这种高压政治制度又 是宦北宋中时丽始的党争政治不断演化与蜕变的必然结果。 朋党之争古来有之，是中国古代封建专制主义中央集权政治制度日趋完善 的衍生物。自东汉党锢始，只要是享国稍久、国势颇为稳定的封建王朝，就会出 现朋党，从而形成党争。比如唐代的牛李党争，宋代的新旧党争及明代的东林党 祸等。尽管最高统治者对此深恶痛绝，正如李绎对唐宪宗所言：“臣历观自古及 今，帝王最恶者是朋党”。o因为他们所信奉的是“无偏无党，王道荡荡：无党无 偏，王道平平”o的准则。然而朋党之争并不因此而消泯。 但同是党争，每个王朝因着其时势的特殊性会呈现出不同的特点。北宋也是 如此。纵观整个北宋党争的历程，虽然都就“君子”、“小人”问题争论不休，每 个对期的党争性质却又不尽相同。托宋中对的“庆历党议”和稍后的“熙丰党争” 是由政见不同而引起的。其中虽不乏个人的意气相倾，然而基本上还是属于政见 之争。元祜初，旧党登台，以司马光为首的旧党集团抛出“以母改子”论，进行 了全面清洗新法的“元祜更化”，并以“君子小入”论严厉打击新党人员。使党 争的性质迅速蜕变为意气之争。这样，待哲宗亲政，进行所谓的“绍述”时，新 党便以元祜“君子”之道还治其身，对旧党成员进行了有过之而无不及的倾轧报 复，使党祸不断升级，最后导致了全面打击旧党、排除异己的“崇宁党禁”。而 “崇宁党禁”的结果便是使高度一元化的徽宗——蔡京封建专制集团正式形成， 从而使整个朝野社会弥漫着竞奢尚谀的风气． 第一节徽宗、蔡京的登台执政与专制集团的形成 徽宗是神宗第十一子，于哲