大白菜细胞质雄性不育研究进展.docxVIP

大白菜细胞质雄性不育研究进展 　　摘要：细胞质雄性不育在大白菜杂种优势利用中具有非常重要的应用价值。大白菜细胞质雄性不育主要分为大白菜波里马细胞质雄性不育和萝卜细胞质雄性不育两种类型。Pol CMS已在生产实践中得到应用，而Ogu CMS在生产应用方面还存在一些问题，需要进一步完善。对大白菜细胞质雄性不育形成机理的研究结果表明，细胞质雄性不育系的花药组织在发育过程中脱落酸和细胞分裂素的含量均高于其相应的保持系，而游离氨基酸、蛋白质、可溶性糖等营养物质均低于其保持系。大量的证据表明，线粒体基因组的重组或重排是造成细胞质雄性不育的关键因素，但是目前尚无直接证据表明叶绿体与细胞质雄性不育相关。本研究从以上几个方面综述了近年来大白菜细胞质雄性不育的研究进展，并对其发展前景进行了预测与展望。　　关键词：大白菜；细胞质雄性不育；杂种优势；研究进展　　中图分类号：文献标识号：A文章编号：1001--0154-05　　Abstract Cytoplasmic male sterility has a very important application value in the use of Chinese cabbage heterosis. The cytoplasmic male sterility is mainly divided into Polima cytoplasmic male sterility and Ogura cytoplasmic male sterility in the Chinese cabbage，of which Pol CMS has been applied in the practice of production， while there are still some problems in the production and application of Ogu CMS， which needs to be further improved. The study on the mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility in Chinese cabbage shows that the contents of abscisic acid and cytokinin are higher than those of its corresponding maintainer in the anther tissue of cytoplasmic male sterile line during the development process， while the contents of free amino acids ， protein， soluble sugars and other nutrients are lower than its corresponding maintainer. A lot of evidences show the recombination or rearrangement of the mitochondrial genome is the key factor responsible for the cytoplasmic male sterility， but it is not clear if CMS is associated with chloroplast. In this paper， we reviewed the research progress on CMS in Chinese cabbage in these years， which would be useful for Chinese cabbage heterosis breeding in the future.　　Keywords Chinese cabbage； Cytoplasmic male sterility ； Heterosis； Research progress　　雄性不育是指植物在有性繁殖过程中雌性器官正常、雄性器官退化从而不能产生正常的花粉，导致花粉粒无法正常萌发，不能参与受精的现象。由于植物雄性不育类型繁多，遗传关系复杂，人们提出了多种不同学说来解释这种生命现象。Edwardson[1]的“二型假说”将雄性不育分为两种类型：一是细胞核雄性不育，由核基因控制并遵循孟德尔遗传定律；二是细胞核与细胞质互作的雄性不育，也称细胞质雄性不育，由核不育基因和质不育基因共同决定[2]。目前，人们在大白菜中发现和选育的多种雄性不育系[3-6]在育种中发挥了重要作用。同时，关于大白菜细胞质雄性不育的调控机制研究也