热带刺茄SolanumviarumDunal化学传讯素之萃取监定生.DOC

熱帶刺茄(Solanum viarum Dunal)化學傳訊素之萃取、鑑定、生 物檢定及其對番茄夜蛾（Helicoverpa armigera）產卵之影響 Isolation, Identification, and Bioassays of Semiochemicals from Solanum viarum Dunal and Their Effects on the Oviposition of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 研究生：艾里 (Aliou Diongue) 指導教授：賴博永 博士 (Po-Yung Lai, Ph.D.) 林 傑 博士 (Chieh Lin, Ph.D.) [摘 要] 本研究檢測萃取自熱帶刺茄Solanum viarum葉片之揮發性化學物質，是否會刺激雜食性番茄夜蛾Helicoverpa armigera之產卵。結果顯示，來自密閉壓克力箱內Solanum viarum葉片氣味之丙酮或正己烷萃取物、浸泡於正己烷或二氯甲烷之葉片萃取物、及微波萃取物等皆對產卵具顯著之誘引反應，而使用蒸餾法的葉片萃取物則無促進蕃茄夜蛾產卵。以正己烷浸泡呈現最高產卵活躍指數的揮發性化學物質，及使用headspace-solid phase microextraction（HS-SPME）所萃取的揮發性化學物質，經GC-MS分析，選用非極性層析管以滯留時間為依據與標準劑比較來鑑定。結果發現引起顯著電生理性或產卵反應的揮發性化學物質包括methyl propionate、正己烷、正癸烷、正十二烷、(S)-(-)-limonene與 (R)-(+)-limonene。當切除觸角的雌蛾暴露於methyl propionate時，雌性番茄夜蛾呈現之產卵反應與對照組並無顯著差異。此結果顯示雌蛾之觸角嗅覺器為接收揮發性化學物質之必要條件。風洞生物活性測定由飛向及接觸揮發性物質源頭的蟲數顯示揮發物質不論使用單一或混合劑，雌蛾均呈現與對照組顯著不同的行為反應。溫室生物活性測定法則顯示，雌性番茄夜蛾對番茄植株、methyl propionate、isomer (S)-(-)-limonene、及揮發性化學物質的混合物—即相同比例之(S)-(-)-limonene、(R)-(+)-limonene、正癸烷、正十二烷—皆可呈現較顯著的產卵反應。本研究之發現有助於將篩選出之揮發性物質進一步配製為誘蛾產卵製劑，以作為田間防治番茄夜蛾之用。 關鍵字：訊息化學物、蕃茄夜蛾、熱帶刺茄、行為測試 [Abstract] This study was to determine whether or not volatile chemicals extracted from Solanum viarum leaves stimulated the oviposition of the polyphagous moth, Helicoverpa armigera. Extracts from hexane/acetone-airtight acrylic, hexane/methylene chloride-dipping, and microwave were found to elicit significant oviposition responses while the extract from the steam distillation did not stimulate the oviposition of H. armigera. Volatile chemicals extracted from hexane dipping with the highest oviposition active index (OAI), and those extracted by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) were identified with GC-MS by comparing the retention times on non polar column with the authentic standards. Volatile chemicals eliciting significant electrophysiological and/or I-tube oviposition responses were identified as methyl propionate, hexanal, decane, dodecane, (S)-(-)-limonen