交替隔沟灌溉和施氮对玉米根区水氮迁移的影响-中国农业科学.PDF

中国农业科学 2008,41(7):2025-2032 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2008.07.020 交替隔沟灌溉和施氮对玉米根区水氮迁移的影响 刘小刚，张富仓，田育丰 （西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，陕西杨凌 712100 ） 摘要：【目的】研究交替隔沟灌溉条件下作物根区土壤水氮迁移和累积。【方法】利用小区试验,对供试玉米 采取不同的水分和氮素处理，测定交替隔沟灌溉条件下玉米根区土壤硝态氮、铵态氮和水分的变化。【结果】施氮 后沟中硝态氮含量增长很快，大多集中在地表下0～30 cm处。随着时间的推移，上层土壤水分携带氮素养分下渗， 造成下层土壤硝态氮含量的上升。收获时低水高氮处理的整个剖面上硝态氮的累积量最大，是高水高氮处理的1.2 倍，低水低氮处理的是高水低氮的 1.27 倍。施氮后表层 0～30 cm 土壤铵态氮含量和累积量达到高峰，30 cm 以 下变化不明显。收获时各处理的铵态氮在剖面上的分布和累积基本相同。高水处理的土壤水分累积量明显大于低 水处理，氮素水平的高低对土壤水分的累积影响不大。【结论】施氮量和灌水量是影响土壤硝态氮、铵态氮和土 壤水分分布和累积的最主要因素。高水处理造成根区硝态氮淋失，降低了氮肥的利用。施氮量与硝态氮在根区剖 面上的累积呈正相关。与硝态氮含量相比，铵态氮含量较低并且变化不大。最佳的水氮耦合形式为低水高氮（施 氮量240 kgN·ha-1 3 -1 ，灌水量1485.71 m ·ha ）。 关键词：交替隔沟灌溉；玉米；水氮迁移；水氮累积 Effects of Alternative Furrow Irrigation on Transport of Water and Nitrogen in Maize Root Zone LIU Xiao-gang, ZHANG Fu-cang, TIAN Yu-feng (Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest Agricultural and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi) Abstract: 【Objective 】Effects of alternative furrow irrigation on transport and accumulation of water and nitrogen in maize root zone were investigated. 【Method 】In this plot experiment, maize was treated with different amounts of water and nitrogen. The water and nitrogen treatments included were high level and low level treatments. The mode of irrigation was alternative furrow irrigation. 【Result 】NO3--N contents increased quickly after fertilization, most of which was concentrated in the sub-surface of 0-30 cm. Wit