基于DEM的水文模型及流域汇流非线性问题研究-水文学及水资源专业论文.docxVIP

摘要分布式水文模型能够为真实地描述和科学地揭示现实世界的降雨径流形成机理提供 摘要 分布式水文模型能够为真实地描述和科学地揭示现实世界的降雨径流形成机理提供 有力的工具，其开发研究具有重大的理论价值和实用意义。本文基于DEM，建立了基于 栅格的分布式新安江模型，同时对流域汇流的非线性问题进行了探讨性研究。 首先总结了基于DEM的流域特征提取方法，包括河流Strah／cr分级，流域坡度的提 取，沟壑密度的提取等。然后基于DEM栅格，把1个栅格作为1个计算单元，运用新安 江模型进行蒸散发计算、产流计算、分水源计算和汇流计算，其中，流域汇流采用滞后 演算法，河道汇流采用基于栅格的Muskingum逐栅格演算法。最后，将基于DEM的新 安江模型分别用在黄河支流——洛河卢氏站以上流域和浙江省衢江的密赛站以上流域进 行洪水模拟。模拟结果表明，该模型在湿润地区和半湿润地区的应用都取得了令人满意 的结果。 流域汇流的非线性是客观存在的水文现象。地表径流汇流通常被忽略，河网汇流通 常用滞后演算法或单位线法，然而这些方法都缺乏明确的水力学根据，本文通过简化圣 维南方程组推导了2个非线性水库方程，分别描述地表漫流和河网汇流。文章采用变步 长的龙格——库塔法求解2个非线性方程，同时利用DEM提取的流域信息确定非线性方 程中的汇流参数。最后，将构建的模型用在密赛站以上流域进行洪水模拟，模拟结果表 现出的整体特征是洪水涨落快，这可能与假设洪水波是运动波有关。 关键词：DEM、新安江模型、汇流非线性、流域特征、黄河流域、密赛流域 AbstractDistributed Abstract Distributed Hydrological Models have become the trend for hydrological modelling due to their abilities to provide powerful tools that scientifically realistic in the description ofnmoffformation mechanics in the real world；extensive researches the application of same have proven its great theoretical value and practical meaning．Based on the Digital Elevation Model grid-based distributed Xinanjiang Model is developed wim extension ofdisenssions the nonlinear confluence problems． The approach adopted in this study involves comprehensive review ofmethods concerned with extraction ofbasin characteristics；this includes stream classification according to Strahler,slope derivation,calculation of gull density．Based Digital Elevation Model，Xinanjieng Model is used one鲥d to calculate evaporation,ratioif,water separation and confluence by considering one鲥d as one calculated basin．11le Alg-Route Method was employed for basin confluence and the Grid-Based Mllskjn羽】ln Flow Routing Method for fiver system．111e鲥d-based Xinanjing model WaS applied for flood simulation to the Upper Lushi basin in Luo River and upper Misai basin in Qujiang River based the preceding pre-proeessing．The results show that the model Can perform well not only in humid areas but also in semi-humid areas． Nonlinearity in basin conc