红龙果茎腐病病因之探讨.DOC

紅龍果莖腐病病因之探討 Etiology of pitaya stem rot 研究生：蔡怡芳 Tsai, Yi-Fang 指導教授：梁文進 Liang, We-Jinn 【摘要】 紅龍果（Hylocereus undatus Britt.Rose；Hylocereus polyrhizus Britt.Rose）屬於仙人掌科(Cactaceae)，三角柱屬(Hylocereus)之多年生攀緣性肉質植物，於高溫季節開花結果，為近年來台灣南部新興之果樹之一。於屏東地區紅龍果栽培園發現莖腐病徵，造成部份組織產生黃褐色軟腐或暗褐色病斑，嚴重則造成全莖段腐爛僅剩維管束中心柱。經分離及接種完成柯霍氏法則要求，獲得Pantoea sp. 及Fusarium oxysporum、Fusarium subglutinans等病原菌，病害則稱為紅龍果莖腐病。Fusarium oxysporum與Pantoea sp.之致病濃度分別為105spores/ml與108cfu/ml，但無傷口不容易引發病害，相對濕度對接種之病徵發生並不造成影響，Fusarium oxysporum、Fusarium subglutinans、Pantoea sp. 單獨或混合注射接種後，在溫度24-32℃皆可發病，但以28-32℃更有利於發病。Fusarium oxysporum與Fusarium subglutinans之菌株最適生長溫度為24-28℃；為嗜鹼菌，在pH5-9皆生長良好；碳素源利用以蔗糖為最佳；氮素源利用以精氨酸者生長較其他良好，而以硫酸銨最差；相對濕度95％以下發芽率差，92％以下則完全不發芽。在水份潛勢中以-5至-20bar生長適宜；光照與否對菌絲生長差異性不大，藥劑篩選中以53%腐絶快得寧、56%貝芬硫醌等對菌絲及胞子皆具良好抑制效果。拮抗細菌Bacillus sp. LB5不論稀釋或滅菌後，依舊能對Fusarium oxysporum等菌株之菌絲生長產生抑制效果。 關鍵字：紅龍果、莖腐病、Fusarium oxysporum 、Fusarium subglutinans、Pantoea sp. 【Abstract】 Pitaya (Hylocereus undatus Britt.＆Rose.；Hylocereus polyrhizus Britt. ＆Rose), one species of Cacteceae, a tropic perennial succulent plant, blossoming and fruiting in high temperature season, is becoming an emerging and important fruit plant in southern area of Taiwan. The rot symptoms on pitaya stem were yellow-soft, dark brown drying lesion, or vascular central core of stem left only after severely destroy were found in the orchards at Pingtung. The causal organisms were isolated and identified as Fusarium oxysporum、F. subglutinans and Pantoea sp. The disease was named as pitaya stem rot. The minimun inoculum concentration of Fusarium oxysporum and Pantoea sp. were 105 spores/ml and 108 cfu/ml, respectively. The wound was necessary for infection of every pathogen. Disease lesion induced by inject inoculation of the pathogens was not infenced in any relative humidity. The suitable temperature for diseases development after inject inoculation with the pathogens alone or mixed were form 24 to 32℃, but the optimal were 28 to 24℃. For mycelial growth of F. ox