专题04 总结语篇话题、基础训练4-2019年高考英语阅读理解四选一七选五专题突破 Word版含解析.docVIP

做主旨大意题应该从话题、主题段、主题句、语篇结构等方面入手，从全局的角度梳理文章脉络，并进行归纳概括。 高考英语试卷所选的每一篇文章都有一个具体的话题。语篇中最明显的特点是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。抓住了它，就抓住了文章的中心。 主题往往由两到三个关键词组成，这些关键词也可称为主题词。因此，在读文章的过程中，考生们一定要有寻找主题词的意识。一首乐曲，我们辨识它的高潮会通过它旋律的复现来捕捉，哪个旋律重复的次数最多，哪个就是最强音符。主题词也是如此，它在文章或段落中的复现率会很高。大部分考生可能会以为复现高就是显性复现，即原词复现。其实，为了避免重复，主题词常常会以隐性复现的方式出现，如近义复现、反义复现、同根复现、指代复现、上下义复现等。 以上谈及的是主题词的特点，概括来说有两点：一是出现频率高;二是词义复现。抓住了主题词，在选择答案时尽量选择含有主题词的选项，正确的几率就会高。但是，并不是所有出现频次高的词都能当作主题词，主题词通常是语篇中的名词、动词、形容词。 1. 名词表主题 One of my first memories as a child in the 1950s was a discussion I had with my brother in our tiny bedroom in the family house in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. We had heard in school about a planet called Pluto. It was the farthest, coldest, and darkest thing a child could imagine Pluto, which famously was downgraded from a major planet to a dwarf planet (矮行星) in 2006， captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote corners of our solar system. Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet. It’s a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own and that the sky isn’t the limit at all. We don’t know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get there to look. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Plutos Romance B. Pluto was First Discovered by a Boy C. An American Scientist: Clyde Tombaugh D. The Days I Spent with My Brother in Pennsylvania 【分析】A。考查标题判断。文中名词Pluto(s)为考生提供了复现信息，即使没完全读懂，考生也能确定本段的主题是讲冥王星被发现的过程以及对人类的意义，几乎每句话都没离开这个主题，故冥王星的传奇故事适合作文章的标题。 2. 动词表变化 All of this caused?? ??a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped?? ??taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall?? ??as well. The mid 1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes-sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competitio