箭图方法在余代数和分次余模上的应用-基础数学专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 本文主要考察路余代数上的分次余模，以及serial与余Frobenius余代 数，其思想和工具来源于有限维代数表示论，特别是箭图方法．论文包含以下 三个方面的结果． 1．首先，从一般的分次余代数和分次余模出发，本文第二章指出了在次数 乎移意义下某些余模分次的唯一性．接下来考虑路余代数的情况：通过引入箭 向函数以及顶点分次余模的概念，我们证明了当箭图Q不含基本圈时，所有 惫Q。一余模可分次当且仅当Q上存在箭向函数，并且证明了这些余模都是顶点 分次余模．基本圈的情况比较复杂，我们仅给出了基本圈上所有不可分解余模 的完全分类，并说明每一个不可分解余模均为压分次的．最后结合这些结果， 我们证明了所有不可分解南Q。一余模可分次当且仅当箭图Q是一个基本圈或 者Q不含非对称圈． 2．通过对serial余代数以及余Frobenius余代数性质和结构的研究：在 [GT2]，定理2．10的基础上，本文第三章考虑了pointed余代数的情况，采用箭 图构造的方法，我们证明了pointed余代数C既是serial余代数，同时又是余 Frobenius余代数当且仅当C同构于9罂。七Qi，m≥1，其中Q为直线链．4罄 或基本圈磊． 3．本文第四章利用Warfield引理，得到三种新的KruU—Schmidt范畴． 作为应用，我们证明了某些模(或者余模)分次的唯一性． 关键词： 分次余模，箭向函数，顶点分次，分次唯一性，serial余代数，余 Frobenius余代数，Krull—Schmidt范畴． A A bstract This Ph．D thesis mainly deals with graded comodules，serial coalgebras and CO—Frobenius coalgebras．Our ideas and methods come from the repre— sentation theory of finite dimensional Mgebras，especially the quiver—theoretic method．It consists of the following three parts： 1．The second chapter starts with a discussion of the general theory of graded coalgebras and graded comodules，and We point out the uniqueness of gradation on certain comodules up to the degree shift．We are interested in the(graded)comodules on path coalgebras．For this，we introduce the notion of arrow function and vertex-gradation．We prove that if the quiver Q does not contain basic cycles，all kQ。一comodules are gradable if and only if Q admits an arrow function，and in this case，all comodules are vertex-graded． The case where Q is a basic cycle is subtle．We dassi,fy all the indecomposa．ble comodules on basic cycles，and show that all of them are Z-graded．Combining these results，we prove that all the kQc-comodules are gradable if and only if Q is a basic cycle or does not have nonsymmetric cycles． 2．The third chapter starts with a survW of serial eoalgebras and CO- Frobenius coalgebras．Based on[CT2]，Theorem 2．10，we focus on the pointed case and then the quiver—theoretic method can be applied．We prove that a pointed eoalgebra C is serial and co-Frobeniu