秸秆还田及化肥施对土壤性状及氮磷流失的影响-土壤学专业论文.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE IV returning. (4) The treatment of straw returning could significantly reduce the total nitrogen content of surface runoff, and three treatments: straw returning, combination of optimization fertilization and straw returning, optimization fertilization with less fertilizer had significant effect on the total nitrogen content in surface runoff. At the same time, straw returning can reduce total phosphorus content in surface runoff. But under the condition of straw returning, the difference of fertilizer quantity had no significant effect on total phosphorus content. Straw returning and no straw returning could significantly reduce the content of total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus in erosion sediment. Under the condition of straw returning, with the different amount of fertilizer, the above material content in erosion sediment also reached the significant difference level. Key words: straw returning optimization fertilization optimization fertilization with less fertilizer loss of nitrogen and phosphorus 目录 摘要I AbstractII 第 1 章 文献综述1 1.1 我国秸秆利用途径1 1.2 秸秆还田方式 3 1.3 秸秆还田对土壤理化性质的影响 4 1.3.1 对土壤物理性质的影响 4 1.3.2 秸秆还田对土壤化学性质的影响 5 1.3.3 对土壤有机质的影响 6 1.3.4 秸秆还田秸秆还田对土壤微生物的影响7 1.3.5 秸秆还田秸秆还田对土壤酶的影响7 1.3.6 秸秆还田对土壤养分流失影响8 1.4 国内外秸秆利用现状 8 1.4.1 我国秸秆资源现状8 1.4.2 国外秸秆资源利用现状9 第 2 章 引言10 2.1 研究目的及意义10 2.2 研究内容 10 2.3 技术路线11 第 3 章 材料与方法12 3.1 试验时间及地点12 3.2 试验材料及仪器12 3.3 试验设计12 3.4 试验管理13 3.5 样品采集与处理 13 3.6 样品测定指标及方法 14 3.7 数据处理 14 第 4 章 结果分析15 4.1 秸秆还田与化肥配施对土壤物理性质的影响15 4.1.1 秸秆还田与化肥配施对土壤含水量的影响 15 4.1.2 秸秆还田与化肥配施对土壤容重的影响 16 4.2 秸秆还田与化肥配施对土壤化学性质的影响17 4.2.1 秸秆还田与化肥配施对土壤全氮的影响 17 4.2.2 秸秆还田与化肥配施对土壤全磷的影响 18 4.2.3 秸秆还田与化肥配施对土壤全钾的影响 19 4.2.4 秸秆还田与化肥配施对土壤碱解氮的影响 20 4.2.5 秸秆还田与化肥配施对土壤速效磷的影响 21 4.2.6 秸秆还田与化肥配施对土壤速效钾的影响 22 4.2.7 秸秆还田与化肥配施对土壤有机质的影响 23 4.3 秸秆还田与化肥配施对土壤氮磷流失的影响 25 4.3.1 秸秆还田与化肥配施对地表径流氮肥流失的影响 25 4.3.2 秸秆还田与化肥配施对地表径流全磷浓度的影响 26 4.3.3 秸秆还田与化肥配施对流失泥沙氮磷流失的影响 27 第 5 章讨论与结论29 5.1 讨论29 5.2 结论29 参考文献31 致谢39 作者简介40 在读期间发表的学术论文、参加的科研项