unit 5 句法.doc

Unit 5 A Valentine Story 常用句型： 1. 分词的用法 1 John Blanchard stood up from the bench, straightened his army uniform, and studied the crowed of people making their way through Grand Central Station.定语 （L2） 2 taking a book off the shelf he soon found himself absorbed. 状语(L 6) 3 he wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond.定语(L11) 4. Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart.定语 (L15) 5 I started toward her, entirely forgetting to notice that she was not wearing a rose 补语(L39) 6 she had graying hair pinned up under a worn hat. 定语 （L 44） 解析：现在分词在句子中做状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随等。分词做状语是，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。做状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。分词在句子中的做状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系：主谓用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式。一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作；完成式（having + 过去分词）表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。 1) 分词作时间状语 Seeing the door open, the stranger entered the house. 那个陌生人看见门开着就进了屋子。 =when he saw the door open, the stranger entered the house. The work finished, they went home. 工作做完后，他们就回家了。 =after the work was finished, they went home. While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. 他读书时，不时地点头。 2） 分词作原因状语 Being athletic, Tom found the climb quite easy. 犹豫身体健壮，Tom 觉得爬山很容易。 =as he was athletic, Tome found the climb quite easy. Being very weak, lindaiyu couldn’t move. 林黛玉太虚弱了，不能动。 =as she was very weak, she couldn’t move. Being too old, he couldn’t walk that far. 由于年纪大了他走不了那么远。 3） 分词作条件状语 Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。 =if you work hard, you will succeed. Standing on the building, you can see the whole city. 如果你站在楼顶上，就能看到整个城市。 4) 分词作让步状语 Although living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里外，他仍去上课。 =although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。 =although he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 5) 分词作伴随状语 My cousin came to see me from the country, bringing me a full basket of fresh fruits. 我表姐从乡下来看我，带来了一篮子新鲜水果。 6）分词作结果状语： He died, leaving wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。 =He