初中现在完成时讲解和练习(无答案).docxVIP

现在完成时 构成 助动词 have/has + 过去分词 例:肯定句 I have worked. He has worked. 否定句 I have not (havent ) worked. He has not (hasnt )worked . 疑问句 Have you worked ? Has he worked ? 回答Yes，I have. / No , I havent . Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt. 功能及意义 表示一个动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常由下列副词修饰： ever曾经， never从不， already已经， yet还（未），（yet只用在否定句和疑问句中）， just刚刚， recently，lately近来， so far 迄今为止= until now, up to now， before 以前 例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？ I have never heard of such a man.我从没有听说过那个人。 We have just had lunch 我们刚刚吃过午饭 I have already returned your money.我已经把钱还给你了。 I havent found my book yet. （否）我还没有找到笔记本 Have you done your homework yet?（疑） 你做作业了吗？ Have you heard from him recently ? 你最近收到他的来信了吗？ So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.迄今为止 还没有人犯错误 I have never traveled by plane before .我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过 2 表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与下列时间状语连用： →for + 一段时间 I have learned English for 8 years →since + 过去的一个时间点 I have learned English since 2001 →since + 一段时间+ ago I have learned English since 8 years ago →since + 时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句 I have learned English since I was 5 years old → in the past/last +时间段 We have had two English exams in the past two months近两个月来我们进行了2次英语考试 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years 近十年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。 三 延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法 ?现在完成时中， 与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。 我离开这所学校已经八年了。 误 ： I have left this school for eight years（×） 他借用我的词典已经两天了 误： He has borrowed my dictionary for two days（×） ?非延续动词与一段时间连用时，可做相应转化 因此?中例句正确形式分别为 我离开这所学校已经八年了。 正 ： I have been away from this school for eight years（√） 他借用我的词典已经两天了 正： He has kept my dictionary for two days（√） 其它非延续性动词与时间段连用时的变形 buy→have borrow→ keep, fall asleep →be asleep leave →be away begin →be on die →be dead, join→ be in或be a member of return→ be back come/arrive→ be in g