英语句子结构分析及练习题课件.doc

句子结构分析 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、 主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语 The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语 若不定式短语作主语常用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语 (不定式短语 )放在句后。 It takes me an hour to get there. 2、谓语 表示人或事物 ( 主语) 的动作和存在的状态 . 英语中由动词 be、动词 have 和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。 分析下列句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. He studies very hard. She likes speaking. I can swim in the river. We don’t like math. He doesn ’t watch TV. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。 表语的位置： 用在动词 be 和系动词的后面。 凡是系动词 (be 动词, 感官动词等 ) 出现的地方， 后面必定带着表语 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。 Your pen is on the desk. I am a student. My teacher is very handsome. Your pen is red. I feel good. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot. 常见的系动词 1. be动词 2. 与感觉有关的动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等 3. 表示状态变化的动词，意为“变得” “变成” 如 get, grow, turn 等 上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语 ,千万不能用副词。 4、宾语 是动作的对象或承受者。及物动词必须跟宾语 . 及物动词 : 直接接宾语的谓语动词 . 不及物动词 : 不能直接带宾语的谓语动词 . 宾语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句构成 . I saw a plane in the sky just now. 名词做宾语 I want three. 数词做宾语 I like going shopping. 动名词做宾语 We think predicting the future is hard. 宾语从句 5.定语： 用来修饰或者限制名词的成分， 常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或者从句担任， 形容词 放在名词前面。相当于形容词的短语或者从句放在名词后面。 He is a clever boy This is an apple tree There are ten students in our class She is Tom ’s sister He bought some sleeping pills The girl in red is his sister We have a lot of work to do The girl standing under the tree is his daughter 6.状语： 用来说明动词，形容词，副词或者整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词可放动词前， 也可放在动词后；修饰形容词或者副词时放在他们前面。动词的八个状态：时间，地点，原 因，状态，目的，结果，方式，程度 The students study hard I often write to him He wrote with a red pencil He went to see a film The students went away laughing I ’ll write to you as soon as I get there . 7.