滴水灌溉调控土壤水分对马铃薯生长的影响-宜兰大学食品科学系.DOC

國立宜蘭大學食品科學系碩士班專題討論 研究生專題討論書面摘要 題目：滴水灌溉調控土壤水分對馬鈴薯生長的影響 指導教授： 駱錫能 老師 Effects of water regulation on potato growth 報告人 ： 陳貞伶 by drip irrigation 報告日期： 2007/12/19 摘要 馬鈴薯( Solanum tuberosum L. )為世界第四大作物，僅次於小麥、玉米及稻米，且通常由塊莖作無性繁殖，是世界上重要和普遍的作物之一。滴水灌溉( drip irrigation )為可有效的利用水的灌溉系統，且可改善作物的產率和品質。而滴水灌溉頻率和土壤基質勢能( soil matric potential )對土壤水分分布及馬鈴薯的生長和產率有不同的影響。不同灌溉頻率下馬鈴薯的根長密度隨著灌溉頻率上升而升高，而根重密度隨著灌溉頻率上升而降低；不同目標土壤基質勢能下馬鈴薯的植株高度和莖葉的水分含量在-25 kPa下有最高值。可販售的馬鈴薯塊莖和馬鈴薯的產率在灌溉頻率一天一次和目標土壤基質勢能-25 kPa下為最多。因此採用滴水灌溉對馬鈴薯進行灌溉，對馬鈴薯生長而言，土壤基質勢能在-25kPa左右為好，灌溉頻率則以一天一次最優。 關鍵字: 滴水灌溉、土壤基質勢能、馬鈴薯 Abstract Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are fourth among the world’s various agricultural products in production volume, after wheat, corn and rice. It is conventionally grown through vegetative reproduction of its tuber. It is one of the most important and popular crops throughout the world. Drip irrigation can help to use water efficiently and can improve the yield and quality of crop. The effects of irrigation frequency and soil matric potential significantly influence the distribution of soil water, potato growth and yield by drip irrigation. On different irrigation frequency, with the more frequent irrigation treatment had the higher root length density. The more frequent treatment had the lower root weight density. On different target matric potential treatment, the crop height and water content of leaves or stems had the highest value on treatment -25 kPa. Marketable tubers and potato yield had the highest value on irrigation frequency treatment: once every day and target matric potential treatment: -25 kPa. Thus, the best of soil matric potential is -25 kPa and the best of irrigation frequency is once every day by drip irrigation. Key words：drip irrigation、soil matric potential、potato References 施嘉昌，1980，雜作灌溉手冊。台灣省水利局。 Fabeiro, C., Martin de Santa Olalla, F., de Juan, J.A., 2001. Yield and size of deficit irrigated potatoes