突破提升练（八）.docxVIP

PAGE 1 突破提升练(八) Ⅰ.阅读理解 (2018吉林省吉林市第三次调研,C) In English the sky is blue, and the grass is green. But in Vietnamese there is just one color category for both sky and grass:xanh. For decades cognitive (认知) scientists have pointed to such examples as evidence that language largely determines how we see colors. But new research with four-to six-month-old babies indicates that long before we learn language, we see up to five basic categories of colors—a finding that suggests a stronger biological element to perceive (感知) color than previously thought. The study, published recently in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, tested the color-discrimination abilities of more than 170 British babies. Researchers at the University of Sussex in England measured how long babies spent staring at color swatches, a system known as looking time. First babies were showed one swatch repeatedly until their looking time decreased—a sign they had grown bored with it. Then the researchers showed them a different sample and noted their reaction. Longer looking times were explained to mean the babies considered the second sample to be a new color. Their increasing responses showed that they distinguished among five colors: red, green, blue, purple and yellow. “The finding suggests you come by nature to make color distinctions, but given your culture and language, certain distinctions may or may not be used.” explains the lead author Alice Skelton, a doctoral student at Sussex. “The study systematically explored babies’ color perception, showing how we perceive colors before we have the words to describe them,” says Angela M. Brown, an experimental psychologist at the Ohio State University’s College of Optometry, who was not involved with the new research. The results add a new challenge to the long nature-versus-nurture(先天与后天) debate and the so-called SapirWhorf hypothesis (假设) — the idea that the way we see the world is shaped by language. In future work, Skelton and her col