近代苏州花卉业研究.docxVIP

近代苏州花卉业研究 沈嬪 南京农业大学中华农业文明研究院 南京农业大学人 文与社会发展学院 摘要： 明清时期，花卉业是苏州经济结构屮的重要组成部分，具有强烈的地方色彩。近 代以来，由于香花茶走俏国内外市场，苏州花卉业集体转向，专注于培植用于 窘制花茶的香花。此转向提高了园圃经营的集约化水平，创造了远高于水稻种植 的劳动牛产率。但是，这种整体转向也给花卉业自身带来诸多消极因素:首先花 农不得不承受茶叶市场波动与中间商人肆意压低市场价格并获取高额佣金的双 重市场风险;其次，对市场收益的片面追求，制约了花卉园艺的全面发展，不仅 四季花卉在园圃中极度式微奇零，甚至芳香品质优异但不易管理的香花品种也 遭到被淘汰的命运。 关键词： 近代苏州;花卉业;转向;香花;园圃经营;屮间商; 作者简介：曾京京(1963-)，女，南京农业大学屮华农业文明研究院副教授； 作者简介：沈嬪(1993-),女，南京农业大学人文与社会发展学院专门史硕士 研究生。 收稿日期：2017-04-23 Research on the Floriculture Industry in Modern Suzhou ZENG Jing-jing SHEN Jing Institution of Chinese Agricultural Civilization , Nanjing Agricultural University; College ofHumanities andSoc i alScienc e s, Nanjing Agricultural University; Abstract： Floriculture industry was an important form with strong local colour in Suzhou city economic structure during Ming and Qing dynasties. Since modern time, because seented tea sold well in domestic and international markets, the industry changed its market goal, special 1y cultivated fragrant flowers for making seented tea. This transformation of markct goal brought obvious improvements of intensive level of the garden management, and created the higher productivity far more than that of rice cultivating. At the same time the changes also got rise to some negative influences to itself. Firstly the peasants had to suffer double market rises from both the unstable tcei markct and the middlcman who not only cut down the flower price unreasonably but also took high brokerage. Secondly, paying all attention on cultivating fragrant flowers for making seented tea led to the extreme decline of ornamental flowers proportion in the gardens, even the fragrant flowers with excel 1ent quality but needing higher gardcning skill also suffered an obsolctc fate; yet the seedlings skills had no radically improvement. So the horticulture skills did not achieve an all-round improvement. Keyword： modern Suzhou; the floriculture industry; transfonnation; the fragrant flowers for meiking seented tea; geirdcn man3gcm