todo跟doing经典解析考试必看.docxVIP

一、分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别 1 ?感官动词 see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, notice 等和使役动词 have 后面的宾补 有三种形式，即原形动词（不带to的不定式）、现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表主动或 正在进行，过去分词表被动或完成，动词原形表主动和完成。如： I heard her sing an English song just now. 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。 I heard her singing an E nglish song when I passe d by her roo m yesterday. 咋天经过她房间吋，我听见她在唱英文歌。 I hea rd the Engli sh song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。 注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表完成和状态。如： I looked down at my n eck and foun d my necklac e gone.（状态） I was surpri sed to find my hometown changed so m uch.（完成） leave后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave保留了原來之义“留下”，但表达的确切之义 应是使……处于某种状态）。 leave sb. doi ng sth.让某人一直做某事（宾语和宾补Z间是主谓关系，表示动作正在进行。） leave st h. undone留下某事未做（宾语和宾补之间是动宾关系，表示被动和完成，一般以 undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched 为多） leave sb. to do sth.留下某人做某事 leave sth. to be done留下某事要做（不定式表示将來的动作。） 女口: Its wrong o f you to lea ve the machi ne running. 你让机器一直开着是不对的。（主动，正在进行） The guests left most of the dishes unto uched, becau se they didnt taste del icious. 客人们没有动大部分菜，因为它们尝起來不可口。（被动，完成） He left, lea ving me to do all the re st work. 他走了，留下我一人去做剩余的工所有工作。（主动，将来） W e hurriedly ended our me eting, leavi ng many prob lems to be s ettled. 我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。（被动，将来） have, get后接三种形式作宾补时，其中have, ge t表示“使、让、叫”之意。 ?have sth. done = get sth. done 让某事rh别人去做（叫/让某人做某事）。如 I ‘11 have /ge t my bike re paired tomor row. 此外，have sth. done还表示使遭受 之意。如I Tom had his leg broken w hile playing football. Mr. Smith had his house br oken into wh ile he was a way on holid ay. ②have sb. / sth. doi ng使/让某人/物持续地做某事（现在分词表示主动，正在进行） get sb./sth. doing使某人/物开始行动起来 女口: The pea sants had th e tractor wo rking day an d night at t he harvest t ime. 农忙吋，农民们让拖拉机夜以继日地干活。 T he captain g ot the soldi ers moving t oward the fr ont after a short rest. 休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进起來。 注意：“have sb.doing”若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍”Z意。如： I wont have you speaking to your parents like that. 我不会让你那样子跟你的父母说话。 Dont hav e the water running all the time.不要让水流个不停。 ③hav e sb. do sth . (get sb. t o do sth.)使/让/叫某人去做某事 女口: Mother had me go to the