课件：血源性病原体的职业暴露与预防.ppt

As of the last count in December 2001, there were 40 million people in the world living with HIV/AIDS. Do you know what percentage of these people live in your region or visit your clinics? Many of these people have tuberculosis as well, which is also a risk to healthcare workers. Tuberculosis or TB is the leading cause of death among those with HIV/AIDS throughout the world. Because we really do not know who is HIV-positive or who has tuberculosis, the best way to decrease the risk of exposure is to protect ourselves at all times by taking precautions each time we treat or care for a patient. It is a much greater risk than most healthcare workers think. It is 27 to 37 percent, which is significantly greater than for HIV. This type of needle stick is particularly risky because chances are high that you will become positive after such an exposure if you are susceptible. With hepatitis B virus, as little as 10 to the minus 8 ml of hepatitis B-infected blood can transmit hepatitis B to a susceptible host. The risk is high and yet some people working in this area have never had the hepatitis B vaccine which has been available since 1982. Even in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that the number of chronically hepatitis B-positive people is one to one and a quarter million, with an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 new cases annually. Each year, approximately 10,000 healthcare providers acquire hepatitis. Of these, between 150 and 250 die of complications from this disease. And now we need to be concerned about hepatitis C virus as well. To protect skin, mucous membranes, and clothing when splashes or spills of blood and body fluids are likely, you need to use personal protective equipment. Again, this recommendation should be followed with every patient you take care of. Use gloves when you are going to touch anything wet or moist; Use a mask, goggles, or face shield when you anticipate splashing (such as when you are was