Classical and Quantum Computation 经典和量子计算.pdf

Classical and Quantum Computation Classical and Quantum Computation A. Yu. Kitaev A. H. Shen M. N. Vyalyi Graduate Studies in Mathematics Volume 47 American Mathematical Society Providence, Rhode Island EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Steven G. Krantz David Saltman (Chair) David Sattinger Ronald Stern A. Kitaev, A. Xen, M. Vlyi KLASSIQESKIE I KVANTOVYE VYQISLENI MCNMO–QeRo, Moskva, 1999 Translated from the Russian by Lester J. Senechal 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 81–02, 68–02; Secondary 68Qxx, 81P68. Abstract. The book is an introduction to a new rapidly developing topic: theory of quantum computing. The authors begin with a brief description of complexity theory for classical compu- tations. Then they give a detailed presentation of the basics of quantum computing, including all known efficient quantum algorithms. The book can be used by graduate and advanced undergraduate students and by researchers working in mathematics, quantum physics, and communication. For additional information and updates on this book, visit /bookpages/gsm-47 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kitaev, A. Yu. (Alexei Yu.), 1963– Classical and quantum computation / A. Yu. Kitaev, A. H. Shen, M. N. Vyalyi ; [translated from the Russian by Lester J. Senechal]. p. cm. — (Graduate studies in mathematics, ISSN 1065-7339 ; v. 47) Includes bibliograp