现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时.doc

实用标准 PAGE 文档 知识点①：现在完成时 一.一般现在时用法： ①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果 ?????e.g. Yesterday I finished my homework, that’s to say, I?have finished?my homework now. ②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续 ??????e.g. I?have lived?here since 1990. 二.?现在完成时的构成????????have/has+过去分词 三.?现在完成时的四个基本句型 ???????肯定句????He?has finished?the work.??????????????????一般疑问句????Has?he?finished?the work? ???????否定句????He?has not finished?the work.????????????两回答????Yes ,he?has.?/?No, he?hasn’t. ???????特殊疑问句????What?has?he?done??????? 四.?在下列情形下用现在完成时 （1）九词语 ①already?已经???????肯定句中或句尾??? e.g. I have?already?found my pen. = I have found my pen?already. ②yet已经??????否定句和疑问句句尾??? e.g. I have not finished the work?yet. Have you bought a computer?yet? ③ever曾经????句中??????????????e.g. Have you?ever?seen pandas? ④never从不??句中??????????????e.g. I have?never?been to Beijing. ⑤just刚刚?????句中??????????? e.g. I have?just?done my work. ⑥before以前????????句尾???????e.g. I have never been there?before. ⑦so far到目前为止??????????e.g. So far?he has learnt 200 words. ⑧how long多久??????????????????e.g. How long?have you lived here? ⑨how many times多少次???e.g.How many times?has he been to Beijing? （2）两词组 ???????havehasgone to去了某地???例：He?has gone to?Beijing???(去了北京) ???????havehasbeen to去过某地???例：He?has been to?Beijing.???(去过北京) （3）两结构 for two months for +一段时间 Jim has lived here?for 2 months. since last year since +过去点时间 Lucy has been in Beijing?since 3 years ago. since 3 years ago since 1990 since he came here since +过去时态句子 He has been in China?since he came here. （4）如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。 ???e.g. Have you lost your library book??你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？ （5）现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型 ???They?have planted?many trees?in the last few years.?在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。 ???This is the best book I?have ever read.?这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。 ??????It is the first time I?have played?the computer games.?这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。 五.?在现在完成时中，一次性动词不能和一段时间状语连用 ?????e.g. He has bought the book for 3 years.（错） 因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用,?改正的办法有五种： ???????①?He has bought the book..????????????