词汇学名词解释myself.docVIP

Chapter 1 Basic concepts of words and vocabulary 1 Lexicology（词汇学）: is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. 2 Word: (1) a minimal free form of a language; (2) a sound unity; (3) a unit of meaning; (4) a form that can function alone in a sentence. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. 3 Vocabulary: All the words in a language make up its vocabulary.?Not only can it refer to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person. The HYPERLINK javascript:; \t _self general?estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over million words. 4 Terminology术语 consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas . 术语是用在特定的学科或学术领域的一些学术的语言。 例子 algebra代数 5 Jargon行话 refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves such as in business. eg, ballpark figure 估计 行话是一些专业的词汇，是某些特殊的领域，比如艺术领域、科学领域、商业领域的成员之间互相交流时用到的。 6 Slang俚语 belongs to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words like cant, jargon, and argot, all of which are associated with, or most available to, specific groups of the population. 俚语属于非基本语言，它是位于标准语和套话、行话以及黑话之间的语言。 Certain words are labeled ‘slang’ not because of their appearance or pronunciation but because of their usage. Slang is created by changing or extending the meaning of existing words though some slang words are new coinages altogether. Slang is colourful, blunt, expressive and impressive. 7 - Argot 黑话generally refers to the jargon of criminals. eg, can-opener黑话是指犯罪分子的行话 8- Dialectal words are words used only by speaker