基于液弹吸振器的旋翼桨叶摆振载荷抑制研究-飞行器设计专业论文.docxVIP

南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文 基于液弹吸振器的旋翼桨叶摆振载荷抑制研究 基于液弹吸振器的旋翼桨叶摆振载荷抑制研究 摘 要 采用摆振柔软旋翼的直升机在某些状态下容易发生“地面共振”和“空中共振”，为了保证 直升机的安全，需要在旋翼桨叶根部和机体起落架上安装阻尼器。摆振刚硬旋翼的一阶摆振固 有频率大于 1/rev，使直升机有效地避免了以上风险，但同时也会带来低阶交变载荷过大的问题。 为降低摆振刚硬旋翼摆振方向的低阶载荷，本文通过在旋翼桨叶尖部嵌入液弹吸振器，利用 Lagrange 方程建立了旋翼桨叶/液弹吸振器的耦合动力学模型，研究了液弹吸振器对旋翼桨叶低 阶摆振弯曲载荷的抑制效果，以及吸振器结构参数对载荷抑制效果的影响，并与弹性吸振器作 了对比分析。在理论研究的基础上，进行了液弹吸振器的设计。为了验证嵌入式弦向吸振器抑 制旋翼摆振方向载荷的可行性，设计了一套模型试验系统，该试验系统包括旋翼系统、吸振器 系统、驱动系统和数据采集系统等。调节模型桨叶根部弹性片的厚度可改变其摆振固有频率， 进而达到桨叶摆振刚硬的设计要求；吸振采用质量/弹簧系统，通过调节弹簧参数可改变吸振频 率；通过在桨叶尖部施加旋转偏心质量块产生激振力，调节其旋转速度可改变激振频率。根据 试验要求确定了各试验仪器和试验件的参数，并对试验件进行了强度校核。最后通过对旋翼桨 叶的动力学特性分析，确定了旋翼系统结构参数设计的可行性。 关键词：旋翼，桨叶，摆振刚硬，载荷抑制，液弹吸振器，试验设计，强度校核 I PAGE PAGE IV III III ABSTRACT For helicopters with soft in-plane rotors, ground and air resonance instability can occur under certain conditions. Dampers have to be added to the blade root and the fuselage landing gear systems. Since the fundamental lag frequency ratios of stiff in-plane rotors are above 1.0, these instability problems do not occur. However, the lower harmonic steady loads of stiff in-plane rotor blades can be very large due to the high stiffness. In order to reduce the lower harmonic lagwise loads of stiff in-plane rotors, fluidlastic absorbers are embedded in the blade cavity at the blade tips. The coupled dynamic modeling of rotor blade and fluidlastic absorber is derived by using Lagranges equation. The effect of the fluidlastic absorber on the lagwise root bending moment is investigated. Parametric studies are conducted to explore the influence of the absorber on the performance, and the performance comparisons between fluidlastic absorber and elastic absorber are conducted. On the basis of theoretical study, a type of fluidlastic absorber is designed. In order to verify the possibility of the application of absorbers to the lagwise loads control, a model test system is designed, which includes a model rotor, an absorber system, a driving system and a data collection system. The natural frequency