基于图像处理技术的桥梁裂缝检测-检测技术与自动化装置专业论文.docxVIP

Study on the Bridge crack detection based on image processing technology A Dissertation Submitted for the Degree of Master Candidate：Wang Weihua Supervisor：Prof. Ding Yingying Chang’an University, Xi’an, China 4 摘 要 桥梁运输在我国交通运输事业中扮演了举足轻重的角色。桥梁的主要作用是保 持交通的畅通，可以说是交通运输的生命线，桥梁的承载能力也是关键所在。全世 界都面临的一个重要问题就是在役桥梁的承载力不足、性能衰减、破损等缺陷。因 此，在建设高标准的公路桥梁的同时，对在役桥梁进行检查、评估和预测也是公路 养护和设计研究部门的重点。顺应此趋势，本文仅从在役桥梁存在的多方面问题中， 选择桥梁出现的裂缝问题做了多方面讨论。 本文采用工程试验中实地获取的裂缝图片，从图片预处理开始，对裂缝进行增 强与去噪处理，包括彩色图像转灰度图、图像的增强处理和图像的小波阈值化去噪， 同时给出了裂缝相应的对比图；在得到处理过的裂缝图像之后，继续对裂缝图像进 行分割，此部分通过裂缝边缘检测和阈值分割两种方法对裂缝图像进行分割算法的 设计研究，边缘检测方法包括使用各梯度算子、高斯—拉普拉斯算子和 Canny 边缘 检测算子对裂缝做边缘检测，阈值分割包括实验法、根据直方图谷底确定阈值法、 最小均方误差法、迭代选择阈值法和最大类间方差法，都给出了相应的对比图，并 做了对比分析，得到了较好的效果；最后计算了裂缝的几何特征，包括裂缝长度、 面积和宽度，并计算了绝对误差，在可接受误差范围之内。 关键词：桥梁裂缝检测、数字图像处理、裂缝长度测量 i ii ii Abstract Bridge transportation plays an important role in the transportation enterprise of our country. The main function of the bridge is to keep the traffic flowing. That is to say,bridge is the lifeline of the traffic,and the bridge bearing capacity is also the key point. There is an important issue that insufficient bearing capacity of the bridge in service, the performance attenuation, defects such as broken all over the world.Therefore, during the construction of high standard highway bridge, inspection on bridges in service, assessment and prediction are the key points of highway maintenance and design research unit. Conform to this trend, this article only from the various problems of Bridges in service, selects bridge for crack problems to discuss in many aspects. Based on the field for cracks in engineering test images, starting from the image preprocessing to enhance fracture and to deal with the noise, such as grayscalize, image enhancement, denoising and traditional edge detection algorithms, and at the same time cracks corresponding contrast diagram is given. After getting the processed crack image, it is going to be segmented by two methods which based on the trational cracks in the edg