中美两国高等教育学生规模的比较与思考.pdf

2008 8 高 等教 育 研 究 Aug . , 2008 29 8 Journal of H igher Edu ation Vol. 29 No. 8 张 炜 ( 西北大学 公共管理学院, 陕西 西安710069) : 中美两国高等教育在校学生数招生数和毕业生数这三 绝对指标方面, 中国均 远远高于美国; 毛入学率和每十万人口在校大学生数两 相对指标方面, 中国与美国还有不小 的差距但是, 由于这两 相对指标的局限性和计算错误, 导致了对两国间高等教育学生相对 规模差距的高估因此, 在进行中外高等教育学生规模比较时, 对毛入学率和每十万人口在校 大学生数要合理使用和客观判断 : 高等教育; 学生规模; 毛入学率; 中国; 美国 : G640 : A : 1000-4203( 2008) 08-0104-06 Comparison and consideration on the student scale of higher education between China and America ZHANG Wei (S chool of P ubl ic M anag ement, N or thw est Univ ers ity , X i an 7 10069, Ch ina) Abstract: By means of omparison on three absolute value indi ators, the enrollment, first- time freshmen, and graduate of higher edu ation in China are all mu h higher than those of the U nited States; but from the data of relative value indi ator s, su h as gross enrollment ratio and enrollment of per 100 thousand populations, ther e is a signifi ant gap betw een these tw o ountries. How ever , the gap on relative student s ale of higher edu ation betw een tw o ountries is overstated due to the short omings of tw o relative value indi ators and mis- al ulation. It is re ommended that the gross enrollment ratio and enrollment of per 100 thousand populations should be used properly and judged obje tively, w hile making ompari- son on student s ale of higher edu ation betw een China and other ountries. Key words: higher edu ation; student s ale; gross enrollment ratio; China; Ameri a , , , , [ 1] ( dominant for e) , : 2008-06-25 : 2007 ( 2007GXS3D100) ; ( 06AIG0 190003) : ( 1957- ) , , , , ,