翻译理论与实践(全PPT课件).ppt

原文句子的主语（行为客体）仍然译作主语，而句子的被动意义通常可采用以下四种方式： 1. 在谓语前面使用“被”字 当句中不出现行为主体时，有时可以在谓语前使用“被”字来表示被动意义。例如： 1) The company was enjoined from using false advertising. 这家商号被禁止使用虚假广告. 2. 在谓语前省略“被”字 在不出现行为主体的被动句中，当其被动意义很明显时，汉语习惯上不使用“被”字。比如汉语说“习题做完了”，而不说“习题被做完了”。 1) Its use is therefore restricted to articles in which lightness is a prime essential. 因此，它的用途限于制造首先要求重量小的对象。 2) Accompanying the visible light, a great deal of invisible radiation, or radiant heat, is emitted. 大量的不可见的辐射热，伴随着可见光释放出来。 3. 在行为主体前使用“被”、“由”、“受”、“给”等字 在这类句子中，在“被”、“由”、“受”、“给”等字后面，在动词前面，有一个名词作为该动词的逻辑主语。例如： 3) The R-rays are not affected by an electric field. R射线不受电场的影响。 4) Pure oxygen must be given patients in certain circumstances. 在某些情况下必须给病人吸纯氧。 9）Her dark hair waved untidy across her broad forehead, her face short, her upper lip short, showing a glint of teeth, her brows were straight and dark, her lashes long and dark, her nose straight. 她的黑发蓬蓬松松地飘拂在宽阔的前额上，脸是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排闪亮的牙齿，眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又长又黑，鼻子笔直。 14). She put up her hand in a solute. 她举手致敬。 15). Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑，大雨倾盆。 16). It is only shallow people who judge by appearances. 只有浅薄的人才会以貌取人。 17). It was with some difficulty that he found the way to his own house. 他费了不少劲才找到了回家的路。 20). It is in the plant that we work together with the workers. 　就是在这个工厂内我们同工人一起劳动。 2). The door was opened, and he came in. 　门开了，他走了进来。 3). He studied in the college for two years, and then he went to join the army. 　他在大学念过两年书，后来就去参军去了。 If it should rain tomorrow, I shall stay at home. 　 明天下雨我就呆在家里不出去。 9). When at last he stood upon the bluff, he turned to his little sister and looked upon sorrowfully.　 最后他站到了 悬崖上，转过身来，忧郁地看着他的妹妹。 10). John rose gloomily as the rain stopped for he was thinking of his ailing mother. 火车停了，约翰郁郁地站了起来，因为他想起了病中的母亲。 5). Now complaints are heard in all parts of that country. 　 该国各地目前怨声载道。 6). Rumors had already spread along the streets and lanes. 　 大