3 强地震动的观测和数据处理教材编辑.pptVIP

Engineering Seismology (2);; Observation of strong motion is more difficult than the observations in other fields of seismology due to the infrequency of large earthquakes and the difficulty of anticipating areas of strong shaking for instrumentation. Weak motions from an earthquake with magnitude greater than 6.0 can be recorded worldwide. Thus a seismologist who studies teleseisms can record on the order of 100 earthquakes per year, for interpretations of earth structure or tectonics. Similarly, local networks are generally set to the most sensitive level possible to detect and locate the smallest earthquakes, which are much more abundant. A specialized instrument, the strong motion accelerograph, was developed in the 1930’s to record strong motion. A network of these specialized instruments must furthermore have the good fortune to be located close to the earthquake, and must be maintained, often for decades, in a state of readiness to record the rare strong shaking. In the 1990’s, the situation changed somewhat with improvements in digital recording technology.;如果没有强震观测及其所取得的科学资料，就谈不上现代地震工程学的发展。;The founding father of the strong motion instrumentation program in the United States is John R. Freeman. After the Tokyo, Japan earthquake of 1923, and the Santa Barbara, California and Montreal, Quebec earthquakes of 1925, he stimulated important early interactions between U.S. and Japanese institutions on earthquake engineering and wrote the first significant book in the English language on earthquake engineering, Earthquake Damage and Earthquake Insurance (Freeman, 1932). He particularly recognized the urgent need for an instrument to record the strong shaking during earthquakes, and the result of his lobbying efforts was that the Coast and Geodetic Survey was authorized to develop and install such instruments in 1932. Nine months after the first instruments were installed, the first significant strong motion records were obtained from the March 10, 1933 Long