英文介绍中国hina.pptVIP

Chinese Agriculture Agricultural Population % of pop as ag population 1984 2003 China 73 65 USA 3 2 World Trade Imports -- #5 soybeans, cotton, palm oil, wheat, wool Exports -- #12 pork, chicken, tobacco, tea, garlic (world leader) Brief history 1958 – the Great Leap Forward Needed to make a lot of progress fast, to erase failures of the 1st 5-year plan To accomplish this, surplus rural labor was to be mobilized to make agriculture more efficient – people’s communes Communes consisted of 6,000 – 40,000 farm workers 98% of farm population was organized – moved families into dormitories, fed in communal dining halls and teams of laborers transported where needed Quickly became evident that communes of this size were unwieldy 1958 harvest was good, but 1959-1961 had disastrous declines in ag production (14-16%) Widespread famine occurred From 1958-1961, over 14 million people died of starvation Size was scaled back, but communes were basic of farm production until 1980’s From 1961 – 1966, farm output grew an avg. of 9.6%/year – quite good 1966 – 1968 Cultural Revolution Rural areas less affected than cities, but ag production stagnated Ag production began to improve in the mid-70’s Late 1970’s, administrators experimented with smaller farms Quite successful Collective farms were abolished by 1984 Technology level did not improve, however Today Technology level is increasing Farm income is increasing Number of farmers is decreasing China as a competitor: Labor-intensive produce and livestock are more favorably produced in China due to low labor costs Predicted to be the #1 competitor for U.S. horticulture China as a buyer: #1 buyer for soybeans (soybeans originated in China) Predicted to be the #1 buyer for corn (both China and India will soon be big in the market) Cereal grain China is #1 with 423 million MT USA is #2 with 387 million MT China’s top cereal grains: Rice -- 187 mill MT #1 India #2 @124 mill MT USA