stylisticsText world theory课程设计.pptVIP

Text world theory Introduction “文本世界理论”是一种关于人类进行话语加工的认知语言模式。最初由阿姆斯特丹大学的Paul Werth教授提出，并出版了专著Text Worlds:Representing Concept Space in Discourse(1999) 。此书成为文本世界理论的奠基之作。其理论起源可追溯到认知心理学、可能世界理论(possible world theory)、认知语言学和文学理论等。其基本前提是，人类通过在大脑中构造心理表征从而对所有话语进行加工和理解。其研究目的旨在为针对这些心理表征或话语世界进行系统考察和讨论时提供必要的方法论指导 根据Werth的文本世界理论，文本是个交流的语篇，其中蕴含了三个层次，即：语篇世界(discourse world)、文本世界(text world)和亚文本世界(sub-world)。语篇世界为最上面的层次，它包括至少两个参与者的口头对话或笔头交流。文本世界则是整个理论的核心层次，由“世界建构元素”(world-building elements)和“功能推进命题”(function-advancing propositions)构成。前者描写语篇中主要时间发生时的场景，包括“时间”、“地点”、“事物”和“人物”，后者交代语篇发展的行为、事件、状态和过程。随着文本世界的发展，语篇定义出的空间会在原有的时空维度上发生变化，由此产生新的世界，即亚文本世界。因不同的原因而形成的亚文本世界可以分为三种：指示性亚文本世界(deictic sub-worlds)、态度性亚文本世界(attitudinal sub-worlds)和认知亚文本世界(epistemic sub-worlds)。 A simple text: Very soon after they had left Ramandu’s country they began to feel that they had already sailed beyond the world. All was different. For one thing they all found that they were needing less sleep. One did not want to go to bed nor to eat much, nor even to talk except in low voices. Another thing was the light. There was too much of it. The sun when it came up each morning looked twice, if not three times, its usual size. And every morning (which gave Lucy the strangest feeling of all) the huge white birds, singing their song with human voices in a language no one knew, streamed overhead and vanished astern on their way to their breakfast at Aslan’s Table. A little later they came flying back and vanished into the east. (The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, C.S. Lewis) Example of analysis by text world theory C.S. 刘易斯是英国著名学者、文学家，毕生研究文学、哲学、神学，尤其对中古及文艺复兴时期的英国文学造诣尤深，堪称为英国乃至世界文学的巨擘，一生的著作包括了诗集、小说、童话、文学批评，以及阐明基督教精义的作品不下五十多本。 《黎明踏浪号》是一部儿童冒险小说，主要讲述主人公爱德蒙和露西的一次航行冒险经历。 This passage, near the end of the novel, can be divided into its separate text world elements. World-builders: Time soon after they had left Ramandu’s country. Locati