外科学绪论讲义.pptVIP

外科学绪论 1、了解外科学的范畴和外科学的发展 Understands the category of surgery and surgical department achievement. 2、树立学习外科学的正确观点 Set up the correct viewpoint for study surgery 一、外科学分类 Surgery classification 二、现代外科学的范畴 Modern surgery category 三、外科学的发展 Surgery development 四、怎样学习外科学 How to study the surgery 一、外科学分类 Surgery classification 损 伤Damage 感 染Infection 肿 瘤Tumor 畸 形malformation  其 他Other 二、现代外科学的范畴 Modern surgery category : 1、疾病的诊断、预防及治疗的技能 Disease diagnosis、prevention and treatment skill 2、研究疾病的发展和发展规律 Research disease development and law of development 3、实验外科 Experimental surgery 4、自然科学基础 Natural science foundation 外科疾病都需要手术治疗吗The surgical department disease all needs the surgery to treat ? 外科学与内科学是相对的 The surgery and the internal medicine category is relative 外科一般以需要手术或手法为主要疗法的疾病 Surgery-Generally take needs the surgery or the technique to treat 内科一般以应用药物为主要疗法的疾病。 Internal medicine-Generally take applies the medicine to treat 外科疾病也不是都需要手术的，而常是在一定的发展阶段才需要手术（化脓性感染）。 Not all the surgical department diseases need surgery operation, but often need the surgery operation in the certain development phase（pyogenic infection）。 一部分内科疾病在它发展到某一阶段也需要手术治疗，例如胃十二指肠溃疡引起穿孔或大出血时，常需要手术治疗。 A part of internal medicine departments diseases develop some stage in it also need the surgery to treat, for instance when the stomach duodenal ulcer causes the perforation or the massive hemorrhage, often needs the surgery to treat. 由于医学科学的进展，有的原来认为应当手术的疾病，现在可以改用非手术疗法治疗，例如大部分的尿路结石可以应用体外震波，使结石粉碎排出。 As a result of medicine science progress, Some originally thought must the surgery disease, now be allowed to change to the non- surgery therapy treatment, For example the majority of urinary calculus may apply in vitro seismic wave, causes the stone smashing to discharge. 有的原来不能施行手术的疾病，现在已创造了有效的手术疗法，例如大多数的先天性心脏病，应用了低温麻醉或体外