基于遗传算法的车架结构优化-机械工程专业论文.docxVIP

基于遗传算法的车架结构优化 摘要 遗传算法是一种基于生物自然选择和遗传机理的全局优化算法。遗传算法在 解空间内进行的是一种有导向的和启发式的随机搜索，具有较高的搜索能力。由 于遗传算法对目标函数、设计变量以及可行域没有特殊的要求，因而在结构优化 领域具有广泛的适用性。车架作为汽车上重要的承载基体，将遗传算法用于车架 结构优化，对其进行结构优化，减轻自重，提高燃油经济性是很有必要的。 首先，在总结国内外文献的基础上，对结构优化、车架结构优化以及遗传算 法进行了概述。详细介绍了遗传算法的基本原理，基本操作过程。 接着，利用遗传优化算法结合有限元原理，编写了车架结构分析程序和车架 优化算法程序。车架优化算法程序有三种，其分别为基本遗传算法优化程序、自 适应遗传算法程序和改进的最优子种群遗传算法。并用该程序对某专用车车架进 行了结构优化，得到了优化后的车架模型。对比三种算法的优化结果，可知本文 中提出的改进的遗传算法寻优效率最高、寻优结果最好。 最后利用大型商用有限元分析软件，对优化后的车架进行了有限元分析，结 果表明该方法是有效可行的。 关键词：遗传算法 车架 结构优化 i FRAME STRUCTURE OPTIMIZATION BASED ON GENETIC ALGORITHM Abstract Genetic algorithm is a global optimization method which based on the biological mechanism of natural selection and genetic algorithm. Genetic algorithm in the solution space performed oriented and heuristic random search, and have higher searching efficiency. Since genetic algorithm has no special requirements for the objective function, design variables and feasible region, it has the extensive applicability in structure optimization field. AS a important bearing matrix，It is very necessary to perform structural optimization, reduce weight and improve the bearing capacity for frame. Genetic algorithm is entirely appropriate for frame structure optimization. First, the paper summarized the domestic and foreign literature in this field, and summarized the content of structural optimization, frame structure optimization and genetic algorithm. Detailed introduced the basic principle of genetic algorithms and the basic operation process. Second, in this paper, I have combined genetic optimize algorithm with finite element theory, and written the frame structure analysis program and frame optimization algorithm procedures. Frame optimization algorithm procedures including standard genetic algorithm optimize procedures, adaptive genetic algorithm optimize procedures and the improved optimal son population genetic algorithm procedures. I have performed the program on a special vehicle frame for structural optimizati