基于视频的车辆检测与跟踪技术研究-通信与信息系统专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 利用计算机视觉技术进行交通状况检测与信息采集是智能交通系统(ITS)领 域中的一个重要课题，而运动车辆的检测与跟踪则是其中最基础的部分。本文对 此问题进行了一些研究，提出了一种在自然道路背景下运动车辆自动检测与跟踪 的方法，并开发了相应的软件系统，初步实现了运动车辆的自动跟踪。 本文所进行的研究主要包括以下方面：(1)在摄像机固定的情况下，研究提出 了背景差分和对称差分相结合的运动车辆自动检测的算法，该方法通过背景差法 分割运动车辆，并结合对称差分以提高检测的准确性，实验表明能够准确检测出 运动车辆。(2)在摄像机移动的情况下，提出了一种背景估计的方法，利用仿射模 型来描述摄像机镜头引起的全局运动，并采用了一种泰勒展开算法快速有效地估 计了图像序列中的背景运动仿射模型参数，从而得到背景运动矢量，最后结合帧 问差分技术有效地检测出了运动车辆。(3)在运动车辆的跟踪中，根据运动车辆在 相邻两帧中移动距离不远，在图像中的面积变化不太大的特点，提出采用运动车 辆质心和面积两个参数在图像中进行匹配，从而实现对运动车辆的跟踪。该算法 处理参数少，数据量小，因而能够及时跟踪到车辆在图像中的位置。 关键词：智能交通运动车辆车辆检测车辆跟踪 AbstractThe Abstract The application of computer vision technology to traffic detecting and information collecting is an important subject in ITS(Intelligent Transportation System)，and moving vehicle detecting and tracking is the basic part．The further study on this question is carried out systematically in this paper．Taking the natural road as the background,a kind of moving vehicle auto-detecting and auto—tracking method is brought forward．Moreover the software system is designed and implemented．A moving vehicle c蛆be automatically tracked elementarily by using the software system． The main contents of the study include such aspects as follows：(1)Under the circumstance that the camera is still,all algorithm for detecting and tracking vehicles is proposed．The algorithm based on motion嘶ect segmentation by means of background difference and using successive frame difference to improve the performance．(2)Under the circumstance that the camera is moving,a background motion vector estimating method is proposed．In this method,we use an aftme model to describe the global motion due to the camera and use a Taylor expansion algorithm to estimate the aftme transform model parameters quickly and effectively．Then,uso inter-frame differential technique to detect moving vehicles．Experiment shows that the moving vehicles can be effectively extracted with this method．(3)Considering moving distance and area change of one vehicle in the two consecutive frames is smal