基于无线传感器网络的目标跟踪算法研究-计算机应用技术专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 无线传感器网络是多学科交叉的前沿研究领域，以其众多的优点和优势，赢得 了学术界和工业界的极大关注。无线传感器网络的应用前景广阔，可应用于军事侦 查、环境监测、医疗保健、空间探索、抗灾救援等领域。目标跟踪技术在军事和民 用领域都有着广泛的应用。应用无线传感器网络对移动目标进行跟踪是目前研究的 热点。其中，对传感器节点能量的高效利用和保证目标跟踪的准确性、可靠性是研 究的关键。 首先详细介绍了无线传感器网络目标跟踪应用的国内外研究现状；然后对目标 跟踪系统中的能耗问题进行了深入分析；此基础上深入研究了无线传感器网络的覆 盖问题、目标跟踪算法和路由策略，并且进行了仿真验证。 通过对传感器节点随机部署问题深入研究，提出了一种分布式边界覆盖算法， 只需要网络局部节点间信息交换就可以迅速完成边界覆盖的建立；通过对物体机械 运动规律的分析，提出了一种能量高效的目标跟踪算法，在保证跟踪精度和可靠性 的前提下，减少了参与跟踪的节点数；在前两个算法基础上，给出了适用于本目标 跟踪系统的节能、可靠的路由策略。 通过实验仿真，验证了提出的算法可以大大减少处于工作状态的传感器节点数 目，并且需要较少的网络通信量和计算量，能够在保证目标跟踪的准确性、可靠性 的同时降低无线传感器网络的能量消耗。 关键词：无线传感器网络，目标跟踪，边界覆盖，路由 II II Abstract Wireless sensor networks are the interdisciplinary cutting-edge research fields. With its many benefits and advantages, it wins the great concern of academia and industry. Wireless sensor networks can be used in military investigations, healthcare, space exploration, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, and so on. Target tracking technologies have a wide range of applications both in military fields and in civilian fields. Application of wireless sensor networks for mobile target tracking is the research focus. Energy efficient and tracking accuracy are critical to the research. Firstly, this dissertation presents the state of research around the world of target tracking. Secondly, the energy consumption is analyzed in depth. Then, this dissertation conducted in-depth study on coverage issue, target tracking algorithm and routing strategy. After extensive studying of the random deployment issue of sensor nodes, a distributed algorithm for boundary coverage is proposed. After extensive studying of mechanical movement of objects, an energy efficient target tracking algorithm is proposed. According to the first two algorithms, an energy-saving routing algorithm is proposed which is suitable for the tracking system. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithms can greatly reduce the number of working sensor nodes, and requires less network traffic and computation. The targe