英语人教版八年级下册Unit8 .pptVIP

Language Points 现在完成时定义 现在完成时定义三要素： 1.表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。 2.一件发生在过去的事情对现在产生影响。 3.一个动作开始于过去，并持续到现在（也许还将持续下去）。 2012 started learning English 2016 learning 4 years have learned English I started learning English in 2012. I am learning English these days. I have learned English for 4 years. （一般过去时） （现在进行时） （现在完成时） 现在完成时结构 肯定句：主语 + have/ has + 过去分词+... 否定句:主语+haven’t ( have not) +过去分词… 主语+hasn’t ( has not ) +过去分词... 疑问句:Have / Has+主语+过去分词...? I haven’t finished my homework. Have you finished your homework? I have finished my homework. 结构 现在完成时的用法 1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。 By now, I have collected all the data I need. Now we have planted all the trees. 2) 表示过去发生的动作,强调结果或对现在的影响。 Someone has broken the window. I have just cleaned my hands. (窗户现在是坏的) (手是干净的) 3) 表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since he was born . 过去分词的规则、不规则变化 (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 workworkedworked (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 　 livelivedlived 规则变化 (3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将“y” 变为 “i”，再加“ ed ”。 studystudiedstudied (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 dropdropped--dropped 不规则变化 A.过去分词与过去式形式一样 have—had—had spend —spent—spent make—made—made say—said—said find—found—found hear—heard—heard meet—met—met leave—left—left B.过去分词与过去式形式不一样 take—took—taken speak —spoke—spoken sing—sang—sung drive—drove—driven be—was/were—been go—went—gone C.过去分词、过去式与动词原形一样 cut—cut—cut put —put—put let—let—let read—read—read 现在完成时常见标志词 标 志 词 already / yet ever / never just / before / up to now / in the past years already一般用于肯定句；yet用于否定句和疑问句。 多用于否定句和疑问句中，意为“曾经”；“从未”。 Tom has already finished his homework. Tom hasn’t finished his homework yet. Have you ever eaten fish? I have never eaten fish. I have just had my lunch. She hasn’t seen you before. 例句 Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations. 4a 1. A: Would y