完善我国保全制度的法律思考.docxVIP

PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT1 目录 完善我国保全制度的法律思考 摘要 我国保全制度的立法指导思想存在严重偏差，表现在：过于重视保护债务人而对债权人保护不足，与英美法系临时救济制度相比，其在协助原告发现和控制债务人财产方面过于消极和保守；对原告权利救济的关键时间的认识有偏差，将在审判阶段对债权人应有的救济推迟到执行阶段；将实体审理的中立原则等同于在发现和控制争议财产这个程序问题上消极中立。这导致在我国目前绝大部分民事案件没有采取财产保全措施，判决后则出现执行难。 除立法指导思想的偏差之外，本文认为我国保全制度的规定还存在以下三个问题：未对保全申请人在执行阶段财产分配当中的法律地位做出明确规定，申请人的权利缺乏保障；被保全财产只能由首先做出查封决定的法院处置，违反司法效率原则的要求；不应在未赋予申请人优先受偿权的情况下，将申请财产保全的金额限定在诉讼请求以内。 本文对如何完善立法以解决这些问题做了初步探索，认为：我国应当吸收普通法系临时救济措施的合理做法，完善保全立法，引进资产冻结令、披露资产令等禁令措施，增设藐视法庭罪、当事人伪证罪作为财产保全制度的配套保障，充分发挥财产保全制度在解决执行难问题当中的核心作用，确保民事司法体系的高效可靠运转；应给与申请人在参与分配时一定的优先；首先取得生效判决的法院可以采取为申请保全人提存财产的方式处置被保全财产；应当赋予法院灵活处置申请人超过其诉讼请求的财产保全申请的自由裁量权。 关键词：保全、临时性救济、资产冻结令、优先受偿额 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT3 ABSTRACT There are serious defects in the legislative guiding ideology of our country’s property preservation system.The practical situation of our countrys civil action is that most of the civil cases have not taken the property preservation measures. When these cases enter into the implementation phase they are difficult to implement. The embarrassment of judicial practice comes from the deviation of the idea of property preservation legislation. Deviation of the legislative guiding ideology of property preservation system of our country lays in the following aspects: the civil protection system in our country is too focused on protecting the debtor yet lays too little stress on protecting the creditor, and is too passive and conservative in the discovery of the debtors property compared to the interim remedies system in Anglo American law system; the civil protection system sets error key time on the protection of the the claims, what should has been done during the trial is moved to execution stage; compared with British and American countries, control efforts on the debtor and its property of our country‘s property preservation system is too weak. Besides the defect in the legislative guiding ideology,there are still other defects of our country’s property preservation system: the legislation status