还原屏障控制重金属污染的可行性研究-环境科学与工程 环境科学专业论文.docxVIP

兰州大学博士学位论文使用柔性壁渗透仪对污泥试样的渗透系数进行了测定。试验结果表明，污泥试样的渗透系数小于1．OxlO。7cm／s，达到了采矿废弃物处置场的防渗设计标准。污泥试样内的微生物活动会降低自身的渗透系数。通过渗透试验研究了污泥试样与酸性孔隙液之间的相容性。试验结果表明，在酸性孔隙液的渗透作用下，污泥试样的渗透系数会逐渐增大。本研究的结果表明，污泥是还原屏障合适的制作材料。污泥还原屏障的强烈还原状态有助于全面降低重金属的活动性，实现固定重金属的环境工程目标。在酸性孔隙液作用下，污泥还原屏障渗透系数有增大的趋势。因此，污泥还原屏障在用于AMD控制时，需要通过添加其它碱性物质来弥补其长期酸缓冲能力的不足。关键词：酸性矿山废水；污泥；还原屏障；渗透系数；硫酸盐还原菌；重金属XABSTRACTAcidminedrainage(AMD)generatedfromthenaturaloxidationofminewastesandrocksenrichedinmetalssulfideminerals．ThiswastewaterischaracterizedbyalowpHandelevatedconcentrationofheavymetalsandsulfates．allofwhichhaveadetrimentaleffectontheecosystemsofminingdistricts．AMDfromminewasteisaseriousenvironmentalproblemassociatedwithminingindustryaroundtheworld．StrategiesformitigatingthecontaminationresultedfromAMDincludesourcecontrolandtreatmentofthecontaminatewaterthroughchemicalorbiologicalmethods．PreventionoftheformationofAMDisgenerallyafavorableoption．Pastpreventioneffortsgenerallyincludecoveringtheminewastes，co-disposalwithalkalinematerial，inhibitingthegrowthofbacterialbysprayingbatericides，andSOon．SegregatingthemosthazardousmaterialandthendisposaloftheminalinedcontainedfacilityisaninnovativetechniquetoprecludetheformationofAMD．LinersystemsthathavebeenwidelyusedtOcontainminewasteincludecompactedclayliner(CCL)，geosyntheticclayliner(GCL)andgeomembrane(GM)，andSOon．Reducedliner(I也)isproposedbyLanzhouUniversity,Chinaasanewtypecontainmentsystemforminewastes．Itdoesnotonlyhavealowhydraulicconductivityastraditionalhydraulicbarrierbutalsopossesstrongreducingenvironment,wherefavortheformationofprecipitationofmetalsulfide．TheobjectiveofthisstudyistoinvestigatethepotentialofmunicipalsewagesludgeasconstructmaterialforRLandtoassessthelong-termintegrityoftheRLservingatminewastedumpsite．Batchsorptiontestandanaerobicmicrobialincubationtestwereconductedtoinvestigatetheretardationmechanismsofheavymetalsmaybeoccurredinsewagesludgesuspensions．TheresultsofbatchsorptionindicatedthatsewagesludgepossessedstrongadsorptioncapabilityforZn2+andCd2+，whichof13．62mg．f