西部大开发背景下中国地区经济收敛性及其影响因素探究.docx

西部大开发背景下中国地区经济收敛性及其影响因素探究摘要：以对外开放度、市场化程度和城市化率衡量市场异质性，运用加权变异系数和面板数据模型对西部大开发后我国地区经济差距进行了实证分析，得出以下两点结论：(1) 西部大开发后我国东部地区和中部地区各自内部省区间的经济差距逐渐缩小，而西部地区内部省区之间的经济差距逐年扩大，在全国层面的收敛趋势并不显著；(2)物质资本、人力资本、对外开放、城市化和市场化都显著促进了东部地区和全国整体经济增长，但仅有物质资本和市场化显著促进了中西部地区经济增长，人力资本、对外开放和城市化所起的作用并不显著，这也是我国今后制定和实施发展战略时亟待考虑的问题。关键词：西部大开发；地区经济收敛性；市场异质性中图分类号：F207文献标识码：A文章编号:1001-8409 (2012) 12-0078-05Study on Regional Economic Convergence and Its Influencing Factors in the Context of the Grand Western Development ProgramFrom the Market Heterogeneity PerspectiveLI Yu, HE Yue(School of Economics, Southwest University of Finance Economics, Chengdu 611130)Abstract： Taking trade openness, marketization and urbanization rate as the measures of market heterogeneity, using the weighted variability index and panel data model, it empirically analyzed the regional economic disparity in the context of China7 s Grand Western Development Program. Result shows that： firstly, the economic di sparity has been becoming narrowing among the provinces in eastern and central China , while expanding in western China and insignificantly narrowing for the whole country ； secondly, physical capital, human capital, trade openness ,urbanization and marketizationsignificantly promoted the economic growth in eastern China and the whole country, but only physical capital and marketization promoted economic growth in central and western China, the impact of human capital, trade openness and urbanization to economic growth was not significant in these two regions, which may be the urgent consideration of the development strategy in future.Key words： the grand western development program； regional economic convergence； market heterogeneity一、引言依据新古典增长理论，在资本的边际报酬递减假设下，如果要素能够自由流动且国际技术扩散成为可能，每个国家在人均产出上都会收敛于共同的稳态，并且落后国家会以比发达国家更快的速度增长①,从而实现向发达国家的经济收敛。然而，一些学者提出了不同的观点，以Romer ［1］和Lucas ［2］为代表的内生增长理论认为，由于知识的积累和人力资本的作用，边际报酬会表现为递增或者不变，那么知识存量和人力资本存量越高的国家的增长速度就会越快，发达国家与发展中国家的差距将长期存在，并形成”富国愈富，穷国愈穷”的局面。Krugman的积聚经济理论［3］也从另一个角度支持了内生增长理论，认为由于规模经济的存在，新的企业会