油气中汞的地球化学特征与科学意义-石油勘探与开发.PDF

　　　　　　 542 2006 10 　　　　　　　　PET ROLEUM EXPLORAT ION A ND DEVELOPMENT 　　　　　　　Vol. 33　No. 5　 :1000-0747(2006)05-054-2 06 1 1 2 3 刘全有 ,戴金星,李剑,侯路 (1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院;2. 中国石油勘探开发研究院廊坊分院;3. 中国石油大学(北京)) :中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技项目(天然气中汞的分布特点研究) :天然气中 汞主要来源于烃源岩, 一般煤成气中汞含量高于油型气, 煤成气中 高汞含量有煤系成因说和岩浆成因 说等。异常高汞含量可能与深部断裂有关。天然气中汞主要以游离态存在且丰度较低;而凝析气和原油中汞 存在形式 较为复杂, 既有游离态汞, 也有有机汞、无机汞和悬浮汞等。汞在油气中 含量很大程度上由其溶解度决定, 油气混合物 中, 汞化学形式之间可能相互转化。由于汞 强吸附作用形成汞腐蚀, 在油气运输、加工和利用过程中容易使设备不能正 常工作, 甚至会造成破坏性事故, 因此, 对于天然气中异常汞需要进行脱汞处理。 图3 表5 参37 :油气;汞;地球化学;汞 蚀 :T E122. 1　　　:A Mercury in oil and natural gas and its critical assessment 1 1 2 3 LI U Quan-you , DAI Jin-xing , LI Jian , HO U Lu (1. Research I nstitute of Petroleum E xp loration Develop ment, PetroChina, Beij ing 100083, China;2. Langf ang B ranch of Research I nstitute of Petroleum E xp loration Develop ment, PetroChina, H ebei 065007, China; 3. China Universit of Petroleum (Beij ing), Beij ing 102200, China) Abstract:Abundan e and forms of mer ury in oil and gas have been in reasingly paid attention to. There are mer ury and its ompounds in natural gas, ondensate gas and rude oil. In natural gas, mer ury exists ex lusively in its elemental forms. Condensate gas and rude oil ontain Hg of different forms, in luding elemental, organi , inorgani and suspended mer ury. Hg stems from the hydro arbon sour es in natural gas, with Hg abundan e higher in oal derived gas than in the oil derived gas. The abnormally high abundan e of mer ury in natural gas is related to the deep stru ture. Owing to its strong adsorption, Hg an easily form amalgams with a variety of metals ausing pr