利用虫生真菌对温室内蚜虫之防治探讨.DOC

利用蟲生真菌對溫室內蚜蟲之防治探討 Control of Aphid by Entomopathogenic Fungi in the Greenhouse 研究生：林秀芬 Show-Fen Lin 指導教授：劉顯達 Shan-Da Liu 【摘要】 為篩選強致病力之蟲生真菌供作蚜蟲生物防治，本試驗以九個供試菌株，分別有三個菌株為黑殭菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)代號為MA126、3621、HO194，三個菌株為白殭菌(Beauveria bassiana)代號為BB-1、BBU、F121，二個菌株為蠟蚧輪枝菌(Verticillium lecanii)代號為VL-578、VL615，及一個曲霉菌(Aspergillus sp.)代號為M，測試對溫室內常見之偽菜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi)、桃蚜(Myzus persicae)及棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)之致病性。九個菌株培養在不同溫度下之菌絲生長及孢子發芽率則有顯著差異，但在高溫35℃時，HO194、BB-1、VL578及VL615之菌絲皆不生長；空氣中之相對溼度與九個菌株之孢子發芽率呈現正比之關係，且九個菌株之分生孢子發芽率是隨著培養基中水分活性下降而遞減；九個菌株均可產生蛋白質分解酵素，其中以黑殭菌MA126及輪枝菌VL615菌株，於測試培養基內產生之澄清透明環寬度直徑為最大，分別為2.86、2.98公分，同時九個菌株均檢測出lipase之酵素活性，此外利用API ZYM系統檢測出對蚜蟲有較高致病力之MA126、3621及 VL615菌株，所產生之分解酵素如leucine aminopeptidase、valine aminopeptidase、trypsin、β-glucosidase及β-glucosaminidase的量較其它菌株為多。將蚜蟲以接種孢子濃度為1×108conidia/ml於28℃之室內試驗，發現MA126及VL615對三種蚜蟲之致死效果較其它菌株佳；另外於溫室試驗方面，在32℃以MA126對桃蚜之防治效果較好，危害指數(INFI)值為1.67，其次為3621及BBU，INFI值皆為2.0；在25.5℃則以VL615對桃蚜之防治效果較好，INFI值為1.0，其次為MA126，INFI值為1.5；因此在台灣秋冬低溫之季節，可施用輪枝菌VL615菌株來防治溫室內之蚜蟲，春夏較高溫之季節，可改用黑殭菌MA126菌株來噴施，藉由兩菌株於高低溫各有較強之致病性交替使用，在相對溼度高之溫室環境下，可有效控制溫室內之蚜蟲數量，同時應盡量避免和殺菌劑混合使用。 關鍵字：蟲生真菌、蚜蟲防治、溫室 【Abstract】 Selected isolates of entomopathogenic fungi were tested for their efficiency in controlling three major species of aphids, Lipaphis erysimi, Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii commonly occurred in greenhouse. They were MA126, 3621 and HO194 of Metarhizium anisopliae, BB-1, BBU and F121 of Beauveria bassiana, VL578 and VL615 of Verticillium lecanii, M of Aspergillus sp. There were significantly difference in the effect of temperature on mycelial growth and germination rate of conidia of all nine tested isolates, but mycelial growth of HO194, BB-1, VL578, VL615 were inhibited at 35℃. The relative humidity was positively correlated with germination rate of conidia. In addition, the germination rate of conidia was low based on the decrease in water activity of medium. All nine isolates tested produced protease and lipase. But protease activities of MA126 and V