美国天然气发电快速发展的原因与启示.PDF

美国天然气发电快速发展的原因与启示 钱兴坤，王新哲，王海博 ( 中国石油集团经济技术研究院 ) 摘　要：过去十年，美国天然气发电发展迅速，2015年4月天然气发电量首次超过燃煤发电量。支撑美国气电发 展的因素是多重的：首先，环境政策不仅使天然气发电得到了迅速的发展，也在一定程度上抑制了煤电；其次，虽然 天然气作为发电原料的价格比煤炭高，但受益于建设投资和运行维护的低成本优势，天然气发电的综合成本比煤电要 低；再次，气电成本可通过电价得到疏导，使得天然气发电企业留有边际利润，为气电发展创造了良好的环境。根据 美国天然气发电的经验以及中国的现实，建议：1）加强环保政策的落地和监管；2）大力推动技术研发，加速燃机国 产化步伐；3）加快完善气电价格联动机制；4）推动天然气发电和大工业用户直供，减少中间环节费用。 关键词：美国；清洁空气法；环境政策；平准化发电成本；电力市场化改革；燃气发电；燃煤发电 The rapid development of natural gas-fired power generation in the US QIAN Xingkun, WANG Xinzhe, WANG Haibo (CNPC Economics Technology Research Institute) Abstract ：Natural gas-fired power generation has developed rapidly in the United States during the past decade. In April 2015, it was the first time that electricity production from natural gas sources surpassed coal-fired. The multiple factors supporting the development of natural gas-fired power generation in the US can be summarized as three aspects. First, environmental policy not only boosts the rapid development of natural gas-fired power generation, but also inhibits the coal to some extent. Second, although the price of natural gas as raw materials for electricity is higher than coal, the comprehensive cost is lower than coal, benefiting from low cost advantage of construction investment and operation maintenance. Finally, as their cost can be compensated partly in the electricity price, natural gas-fired power generation enterprises can get marginal profit and a good environment is created for the development of gas-fired power generation. According to the experience of natural gas-fired power generation in the US and the reality of China, it is suggested to strengthen the environmental protection policy regulation; accelerate technology RD to step up gas turbine construction; improve gas electricity price linkage mechanism; boost the direct supply for natural gas-fired power generation and large industrial user to decrease costs of intermediate links. Key wo