毕业论文-己内酰胺的合成工艺优化.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 11 本科毕业论文 （20 届） 己内酰胺的合成工艺优化 专业：应用化学 摘 要：本文介绍了己内酰胺的应用、发展状况及合成方法，着重阐述了实验室合成己内酰胺的原理及方法。论文以环己酮为原料，首先合成环己酮肟，再以85%的浓硫酸为催化剂，经贝克曼重排合成己内酰胺，并通过对投料比、反应温度、催化剂浓度等方面的研究，探讨了己内酰胺的合成工艺，确定了合理的合成工艺条件，主要分为两部分，环己酮肟的制备是以环己酮/羟胺盐酸盐的摩尔比为2/3左右，反应温度为35 ℃-40 ℃，以每次2 mL环己酮的投料进行反应为最合理；己内酰胺的制备是以反应温度为115 ℃-120 ℃，催化剂浓度以75%的浓硫酸最为合理。 关键词：己内酰胺；环己酮肟；贝克曼重排；优化 Optimization of synthesis technology of Caprolactam Abstract: The paper had described the application of caprolactam, and the development of its synthetic methods, focusing on the laboratory synthesis of caprolactam and reation mechanism. The caprolactam was synthesized with cyclohexanone as raw material. Firstly, cyclohexanone oxime was prepared. Secondly, the purpose compound was synthesed with 85% of concentrated sulfuric acid as catalyst by beckmann rearrangement. And then the reasomable conditions was studied by the research to the feed ratio, reaction temperature, catalyst concentration and other aspects of research. The reasonable conditon of first step was cyclohexanone / hydroxylamine hydrochloride in a molar ratio of 2︰3, the reaction temperature at 35 °C-40 °C with each 2 mL cyclohexanone reacted the release. The most reasonable preparation of caprolactam was the reaction temperature was catalyst concentration of 75% concentrated sulfuric acid at 115 °C-120 °C. Keywords: Caprolactam; Cyclohexanone-oxime; Beckmann rearrangement; Optimization 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 1引言…………………………………………………………………………………………1 1.1己内酰胺的简介…………………………………………………………………………1 1.1.1国内发展趋势…………………………………………………………………1 1.1.2世界发展趋势…………………………………………………………………2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc261164299 1.2 合成路线……………………………………………………………………………… …3 1.2.1环己酮-羟胺法…………………………………………………………………3 1.2.2甲苯法……………………………………………………………………………3 1.2.3环己烷光亚硝化法………………………………………………………………3 1.2.4氨肟化法……………………………………………………………………4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc261164308 2实验部分 ……………………………………………………………………………………4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc261164309 2.1 实验仪器及药品试剂………………………………………………………………… …4 HYPERLINK \l _Toc261164311 2.2 实验原理……………………………………