Lecture-1-词汇学的定义.pptVIP

The Definition of Word A minimal free form of a language A sound unity A unit of meaning A form that can function alone in a sentence What is Vocabulary ? All the words in a language make up what is generally known as its vocabulary. Not only can it refer to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular period. Word Vocabulary 词与词汇 词与词汇是个体与总体的关系；词的总和构成语言的词汇。 词汇还包括语言的变体中使用的词、短语、术语、方言。（dialect, terminology） 英语词汇有一百多万个；由native words和borrowed words组成。 基本（核心）词汇 The Sound Meaning词的语音与意义 The relationship between sound sense (meanign) The Naturalist The Conventionalist The Naturalist: an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense (音义之间有种必然内在的对应关系) The Conventionalist: a kind of linguistic social contract (音义无必然联系，只是通过语言使用，在社会中约定俗成的结果) 词的音义关系的两种态度反映： What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. Shakespeare: Romeo Juliet Act Ⅱ, Scene 2 词的音义关系的两种态度反映： ‘Tis not enough no harshness gives offence. The sound must be an echo to the sense. Pope: Essay on Criticism Sound and Form The written form of a natural language is the orthographical record of the oral form. Naturally the written form should agree with or be consistent with the oral form. Why Sound and Form is not so consistent with each other today? English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which doesn’t have separate letter to represent each sound. Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years. Little joke ∵ laugh women nation ∴ fish ghoti The Lexical Syntactic Meaning of Word词的 词汇意义 与 语法意义 词汇意义和语法意义关系密切，语法意义不同会引起词汇意义的改变。 e.g. Please sit down. He sailed down the river. Down your tools and take a rest. But me no buts. adv. prep. The Sense Concept of Word词的意义与概念 概念是词义的基础，词义是概念在语言中的表现形式。两者相互依存。词通过概念来反映客观事物或