最新王蔷版的英语教学法复习笔记精华版.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 39 Unit 1 Language and Learning 1.1 How do we learn language？ We learn language at different ages People have different experiences People learn languages for different reasons People learn languages in different ways People have different capabilities in language learning Learning can be affected by the way how language is taught Learning is affected by the degree of success one is expect to achieve. Thus the challenge confronting language teaching is how teaching methodology can ensure successful learning by all the learners who have more differences than the commonality. 1. 2 What are the major views of language? 1) Structural view: Language is a linguistic system made up of various subsystems: phonology, morphology, lexicology and syntax. To learn a language is to learn its vocabulary and structural rules. 2) Functional view: Language is a linguistic system as well as a means for doing things. Learners learn a language in order to be able to do things with it (use it). To perform functions, learners need to know how to combine the grammatical rules and the vocabulary to express notions that perform the functions. 3) Interactional view: Language is a communicative tool to build up and maintain social relations between people. Learners need to know the rules of a language and where, when and how it is appropriate to use them. Views on Language Learning Two broad learning theories： Process-oriented theories are concerned with how the mind organizes new information. Condition-oriented theories emphasize the nature of human and physical context. Behaviorist theory B. F. Skinner A stimulus-response theory of psychology Audio-lingual method The idea of this method is that language is learned by constant repetition and the reinforcement of the teacher. Mistakes were immediately corrected, and correct utterances were immediately praised. Cognitive theory Influenced by Noam Chomsky (revival of structural linguistics) Language as a