指示语this跟that在使用跟翻译中的心理距离文档资料.pptVIP

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指示语this跟that在使用跟翻译中的心理距离文档资料.ppt

指示语this跟that在使用跟翻译中的心理距离文档资料

Fillmore (1997: 104-105) : (4a) This is my imitation of a frog. (做动作前说,只有说话人知道其所指) (4b) That was my imitation of a frog. (做动作后说,说话人和听话人均知道其所指) (5a) I met a friend of yours lost night. Well, this guy told me some pretty interesting things about you. (只有说话人知道其所指) (5b) Remember the man who sold us those football tickets? Well, that guy told me some pretty interesting things about you. (说话人和听话人均知道其所指) (6a) This has been an interesting course. / That was a brilliant lecture. (more acceptable) (6b) This was an interesting course. / That has been a brilliant lecture. Christopher Lyons (2005:17-21) (Definiteness, 北京大学出版社)说,Hawkins (1978)曾指出:在实指(actual referent)和可能指(potential referents)之间,指示照应(demonstrative reference)总是涉及一种或明或暗的对照。C. Lyons认为: 使用this时,它的所指与说话人或包括说话人的群体关系密切,有某种联系; 使用that时,它的所指与包括听话人而不包括说话人的群体有联系,或者是既不包括说话人也不包括听话人的群体。 因此,this可称为第一人称指示代词,that是非一人称指示代词。 二、在语篇中及英汉互译时所反映的距离问题 许余龙(1989)《英汉远近称指示语的对译问题》,《外国语》(4)(也见杨自俭、李瑞华,1990 《英汉对比研究论文集》,上海外语教育出版社) 许余龙指出,要探讨英汉指示语表达的远近距离及其翻译对应情况,不能仅以实际的时间、空间和篇章距离为尺度,必须引入心理距离概念。 一个对比:W. S. Maugham, Cakes and Ale (in The Selected Novels, Melbourne: William Heinemann Ltd., 1953), Chapter 5 ——《寻欢作乐》,章含之、洪晃译,浙江文艺出版社,1984,第五章。 统计发现: 1、英语中that(13次)—— this(6次) 译文中这(57次) —— 那(55次) 2、that在许多情况下可以译为“这”。 汉语的“这”和“那”的绝对使用频率比this和that高的原因,一是英语中没有把其他指示语(如here/there/then等)统计进去,而主要原因是英汉指示语系统的内部构成不同: 汉语指示语 远指:那、那些、那里等 近指:这、这些、这里等 英语指示语 远指:that/those/there, etc. 近指:this/these/here, etc. 中性:it/the 汉语中没有中性指示语,英语中的中性指示语翻译时大部分采用零形式,一部分采用“这”、“那”或它们的组合词。 空间距离: (10) I could not help feeling a pang as I thought of all the years that had passed since I inhabited that room, and of all that had happened to me. It was at that same table that I had eaten my hearty breakfast and my frugal dinner, read my medical books and written my first novel. It was in that same arm-chair that I had read for the first time Wordsworth and Stendhal, …(Cakes and Ale, 91) 当我回想起

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