对流占优扩散方程的差分法.docx

本科毕业设计（论文） 题目 对流占优扩散方程的差分法 学生姓名 郑阳 学　号 0917010211 教学院系 理学院 专业年级 信息与计算科学2009级 指导教师 杨艳 职　称 讲师 单　　位 西南石油大学理学院 辅导教师 职 称 单　　位 完成日期 2013 年 6 月 10 日 Southwest Petroleum University Undergraduate Graduation Design (Thesis) Title Finite Difference Method for Convection-dominated Diffusion Equations Name Zheng Yang No. 0917010211 Department School of Sciences Major Grade Information and Computational Science 2009 Tutor Yang Yan Title Lecturer Unit School of Sciences, SWPU Advisor Title Unit Completion Time June 10th ,2013 摘要 对流占优扩散方程主要包含对流项和扩散项，其中对流项系数远远大于扩散项系数。在数值计算中，方程中的扩散项一般采用具有优良物理特性和计算精度的中心差分离散格式，而关于对流项的处理就稍显困难，若处理不当便会产生数值震荡或数值弥散，给数值计算带来困难。因此，需要对求解的方法做出改进。 本文主要讨论迎风差分格式，迎风加权差分格式，以及特征有限差分格式。三种方法都能够消除数值震荡，但各种方法间又各有差异。迎风格式计算量较小，能够消除数值震荡，但是数值解的精度不高。特征有限差分格式中含有多个未知的点，计算量特别大，从误差分析中可以看出，其数值解拥有较高的精度。迎风加权差分格式，是在迎风格式的基础上改进得到的，精度较高，其数值解不仅受到时间和空间步长的影响，还受到不同参数δ的影响。可以选取不同的参数δ是迎风加权格式的一个优点。 关键词：对流占优扩散方程；迎风格式；迎风加权差分格式；特征有限差分法 Abstract Convection-dominated diffusion problems mainly contain convection and diffusion terms, which the convection coefficient is much larger than the diffusion coefficient. In the numerical calculation, diffusion terms in the equation commonly used central difference discretization scheme with excellent physical properties and calculation accuracy. However, the method of the convective terms slightly difficult. It would produce numerical shock or numerical dispersion if not handled properly. Therefore, we need to make some improvements. This article focuses on upwind difference scheme, upstream weighted scheme, as well as characteristic finite difference method. The numerical oscillation can be eliminated by all three methods, but there are differences between each method. Upwind difference scheme has smaller amount of calculation, to eliminate the numerical oscillation, but the accuracy of numerical solution is not as good as we expect. Characteristic finite difference method which contains a number of unknown point, with a large amount of calculation, and w