年产1000t仲钨酸铵生产车间设计毕业设计.doc

97 - 摘 要 本文是以白钨精矿为原料年产1000吨APT(仲钨酸铵)生产车间的设计说明书。按照一般有色冶金生产车间设计的步骤，文章首先介绍了APT生产的的现状；结合原料特征，通过对APT整个工艺过程生产方法的比较，选择了NaOH高压浸出分解白钨精矿—离子交换法除杂和转型—选择沉淀法分离钨钼—蒸发结晶生产APT；通过对各生产工序金属平衡、物料平衡计算和设备选型，确定了各工序所需原料的量和设备的型号、规格和数目；并进行了合理的车间配置；通过分析生产过程中工业三废的产生和危害，提出了三废处理的方案；根据生产过程需要，对车间进行了劳动定员；进而对整个工艺过程进行了技术经济分析，计算结果表明本设计所采用工艺流程技术上可行，经济上合理。 「关键词」 白钨精矿 NaOH高压浸出 离子交换 APT 设计 Abstract The specification is a workshop of 1000t/y Ammonium paratungstate(APT) produced with scheelite concentrates. Following the general design steps of nonferrous metallurgy workshop, the present situation of the APT production was first presented. According to the characteristics of the raw material , technological process of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) leaching at high pressure—ion exchange—selectively precipitation to separate Mo—evaporation and crystallization process was selected as the process of APT production. The quantity of various materials in every process were fixed up and the corresponding equipments were designed or selected(include the type, size and number) originated from the result of calculating of the balance of metal and matter. The workshop is reasonably designed. The strategy of dealing with the industrial waste was proposed following the analysis of the source and the harm of the waste. The work force was arranged according to the requirement of producing process. At last, the economic target was analyzed. All these results shows that the process of this design is reasonable and economical. Keywords: Scheelite concentrates; sodium hydroxide leaching at high pressure; ion exchange; ammonium paratungstate; design. 文献综述 钨冶金概况 自1781年由瑞典化学家舍勒发现以来，钨以其具有熔点高、硬度大、耐磨和耐腐蚀等优良性能而得到广泛应用，在冶金机械、石油化工、航空航天和国防工程等诸多领域中有着极其重要的地位。 在解放之前，中国的钨冶炼处于空，但新中国成立后,从20 世纪50 年代苏联援建的黑钨精矿—苏打烧结—净化除杂—白钨沉淀—钨酸煅烧制取三氧化钨的冶炼工艺开始,我国钨冶炼技术走上了工业化生产的道路，并针对我国钨精矿资源的特点，我们自主开发了“白钨精矿经典工艺制取仲钨酸铵”的工业项目。20 世纪80 年代以来,先进的离子交换和溶剂萃取技术在钨冶炼生产中得到广泛应用。“黑钨精矿碱压煮—溶剂萃取—蒸发结晶”和“黑钨精矿碱压煮—离子交换—蒸发结晶”制取仲钨酸铵新工艺的采用,标志着我国钨冶炼工业开始向世界先进行列迈进。但是经过20多年的发展，中国钨业迎来了自己辉煌的成果，