英国文学作品与作家.doc

一、Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1343~1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry. Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. 作品： ① The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集： first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English ②Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德 ③ The House of Fame声誉之堂 ④The book of the Duchess公爵夫人之书 ⑤The Parliament of Fowls百鸟议会 二、William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616lplaywright,poet 评价comments： Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English literature 莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森（Ben Johnson）--他不属于一个时代，而是属于。（He was not of an age, but for all time.） 作品： ① Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII ②Four Comedies: As You Like It皆大欢喜; Twelfth Night第十二夜; A Midsummer Night’S Dream仲夏夜之梦; Merchant Of Venice威尼斯商人 ③Four Tragedies: Hamlet哈姆莱特; Othello奥赛罗; King Lear李尔王; Macbeth麦克白 ④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 The Sonnets Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg 三、Francisl Bacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626 Bacon’s quote 1、 knowledge is power 知识就是力量。 2、 Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy to corrupt, and cannot last; and for the most part it makes a dissolute youth, and an age a little out of countenance 美犹如盛夏的水果，是容易腐烂而难保持的，世上有许多美人，她们有过放荡的青春，却迎受着愧悔的晚年。 3、 Natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. 天生的能力好像天然生成的植物，必须通过学习加以修整；然而学习本身如若不由实践去约束，必然方向纷杂而漫无目的。 4、 Virtue is like a rich stone, best plain set 美德好比宝石，在朴素背景的衬托下反而更华丽。 评价 ??the founder of English materialist philosophy. ??The founder of modern science in England. ??a representative of the English renaissance. ??a well-known philosopher, scientist and essayist. Bacon’s works establish and popularize an inductive methodology for scientific inquiry, often called the Baconian method. Induction（归纳法）implies drawing knowledge from the natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing of hypotheses. （哲学家、散