机械专业英语幻灯片3.pptVIP

单词复习： Lubrication wear weld viscosity Friction contaminant corrosion Dampen sealing asperity 边界润滑 绝缘体 黄油 ;Lesson 18 Machine Tool Frames机床床身;Paragraph 1;Paragraph 2: ;The frame material must eliminate or block vibration transmission to reduce oscillations(震荡) that degrade accuracy and tool life(降低精度和刀具寿命). It must withstand the hostile(恶劣的) shop-floor environment, including the newer coolants(冷却液) and lubricants(润滑剂). 机身材料具有消除或阻止振动（oscillation）传递的性能。以减轻降低精度和刀具寿命的振荡。它必须面对不利的车间环境，包括冷却液和润滑剂。 ;Material expansion must be understood (in order) to minimize forces needed to move slides. The material must not build up(聚集) too much heat, must retain its shape for its lifetime, and must be dense enough to distribute forces throughout the machine. 材料的膨胀不能妨碍滑动部件的运动。在正常工???期间材料不能产生太多的热量，应能保护其形状，且具有足够大的密度以支承机床的其它部件。 ;Pros and Cons 优缺点 Paragraph 3:;Paragraph 4:;Paragraph 5;Smaller, high-volume(大批量的) machines usually have cast iron frames because they more easily absorb pattern cost. Welded frames may be cheaper for lower volume machines. 尺寸小，大批量生产的机床由于分担的铸型费用较低，常使用铸铁床身。单件小批生产的机床结构用焊接或许是经济的。 ;Paragraph 6;with welding, it’s easy to make large sections and add features even after the initial design is complete, but the heat can introduce distortion and also adds cost. Welds also help block vibration transmission through the steel frame. 焊接容易得到大尺寸零部件，而且既使最初的设计完成后也可以添加一些特征，但是（焊接产生的）热量会引起变形，增加费用。焊件也有助于削弱振动传递。 ;Builders sometimes increase damping by circulating coolant through the welded structure or adding lead or sand to frame cavities. 制造有时通过冷却液循环和在床身空腔内加铅和沙子，来抑制热变形和减振。;Paragraph 7: Composites. Advanced forms of these materials, including those with polymer, metal, and ceramic matrices, may change machine tool design dramatically. Both matrix and reinforcing material can be tailored to provide strength in specific axes(某个方向上). 复合材料：包括高分子材料、（优质）金属材料、陶瓷在内的这些新材料引起了机床设计的显著变化。基体和强化材料都能满足某一具体轴线方向的强度要求。 ;Paragraph 8;Their lack of conductivity can be an advantage or not. Both