土木工程毕业论文英文翻译.doc

Bridge Bridges that span rivers, valleys such a barrier construction, which provides convenient transportation, so far, most of the bridges are highway bridges or railway bridge. A large number of viaducts built in the 19th century in Europe, aims to maintain its navigation of the ship canal. The smallest bridge in New York Citys Kennedy Humans is similar to the first bridge built in the primitive built in isolated areas. Early human tools and construction techniques as the original, like humans are the most junior. After they are at least as long as the processing and installation can be completed. In the forest, widely available solid wood and logs, then most likely Hou bridge or by a few logs built side by side, may, in its number of wooden sticks or straw mats on the cover for easy walking. In the tropical regions of India, Africa, and South America are used to build fiber rattan suspension bridge, the vines are tied to trees on both sides of the river or valley or rock. One or more above the walking cane to be stepped on, others are arranged in Gao Yu a few feet, for hand use. Although rattan rope bridge is usually unstable. But there are many rattan rope bridge with incas built strong and stable enough, to be used for the Spanish soldiers and their horses to pass. In rocky areas, the stone is used to bridge across the river to a small stone pestle as piers spaced, and then use a flat stone across the pier adjacent to the channel linking the two sides completed, most of the stone bridge is this types, called the clap bridge. Now in Dartmoor, England are still visible, but they are built in the Middle Ages or even later. The first step changes the original bridge was considered in ancient China, and then into India. Generally wider than the tree bed, Chinese and Indians in the center of the river into two stumps. In this structure, both ends of the frame with one end of logs on the stump, and tilted slightly upward so that each layer of hi